Unità cronostratigrafica

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m  c
Cronostratigrafiche Geocronologiche Intervallo temporale (Ma = milioni di anni)
mezzo miliardo di anni
molte centinaia di Ma
da 22 a 80 Ma
decine di Ma
da 2 a 10 Ma
Chron
 non usate nella scala ICS

Una unità cronostratigrafica è un insieme di rocce che si sono formate in un determinato periodo di tempo (unità geocronologica). Da notare che l'unità cronostratigrafica è un oggetto materiale (le rocce), mentre l'unità geocronologica è un'entità immateriale (un intervallo di tempo), per meglio comprendere la differenze fra i due tipi di unità e la stretta relazione esistente fra queste vale l'analogia con la clessidra: l'unità cronostratigrafica è la sabbia che scorre accumulandosi nell'ampolla inferiore, nel tempo dato dall'unità geocronologica.

Le unità cronostratigrafiche sono categorizzate in modo gerarchico e ad ognuna di esse corrisponde un'unità geocronologica.

L'unità cronostratigrafica di base (dalla quale si parte per definire tutte le altre) è il Piano.

Le unità cronostratigrafiche vengono definite allo scopo di associare la stratigrafia di una zona al tempo geologico in cui essa si è formata, in maniera da ricostruire una Scala Cronostratigrafica Standard da utilizzare a livello globale per le correlazioni tra rocce di località diverse.

Altre importanti suddivisioni stratigrafiche sono le unità litostratigrafiche, le unità biostratigrafiche e le unità magnetostratigrafiche.

Più in generale si parla di "formazioni o unità stratigrafiche" (o anche unità rocciose o geologiche) quando si vuole indicare in maniera generale un complesso di rocce e di terreni distinti lateralmente e verticalmente dagli adiacenti per una o più caratteristiche di ordine geologico o paleontologico. In questo caso, rispetto alle unità cronostratigrafiche, interessa più la formazione geologica in sé rispetto al periodo di tempo in cui essa si è formata.

Note

  1. ^ Guida italiana alla classificazione e alla terminologia stratigrafica, Scheda sulle unità cronostratigrafiche (PDF), su isprambiente.gov.it. URL consultato il 4 dicembre 2012.
  2. ^ International Stratigraphic Chart, su stratigraphy.org, International Commission on Stratigraphy.

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