Type 99 (fucile)

Arisaka Type 99
TipoFucile a otturatore girevole-scorrevole
OrigineGiappone (bandiera) Impero giapponese
Impiego
UtilizzatoriGiappone (bandiera) Impero giapponese
Cina (bandiera) Cina
Indonesia (bandiera) Indonesia
Vietnam (bandiera) Vietnam del Nord
ConflittiSeconda guerra sino-giapponese
Seconda guerra mondiale
Guerra d'Indocina
Guerra di Corea
Guerra d'indipendenza indonesiana
Guerra del Vietnam
Produzione
Date di produzione1940 - 1945
Descrizione
Peso3,7 kg
Lunghezza1,120 mm
Lunghezza canna657 mm
Calibro7,7 × 58 mm Arisaka
AzionamentoA percussione
Velocità alla volata755 m/s
Gittata massima3400 m
Alimentazionecaricatore da 5 colpi
note nel corpo del testo
voci di armi da fuoco presenti su Wikipedia

Il Type 99 (九九式小銃 / 九九式長小銃? lett. Kyūkyū-shiki sōjyū o Kyūkyū-shiki tōsyōjyū) è stato un fucile d'ordinanza a otturatore girevole-scorrevole della serie Arisaka, ampiamente prodotto e adoperato dall'esercito imperiale giapponese e dall'esercito imperiale del Manciukuò durante la seconda guerra mondiale.

Caratteristiche e storia

Uno degli svantaggi del predecessore, il Type 38, era il calibro 6,5 × 50 mm Arisaka del proiettile sparato, piccolo e non abbastanza efficace. L'esercito imperiale giapponese sviluppò il Type 99 in base al Type 38 adottando però la nuova cartuccia 7,7 × 58 mm Arisaka. Il Type 99 fu prodotto in nove diversi arsenali, dei quali sette in Giappone e i restanti a Mukden in Manciuria e Jinsen in Corea. In totale furono fabbricati 2.300.000 fucili, il 30% circa dalla Toyo-Kogyo, e la maggior parte ebbe la canna placcata con il cromo garantendone l'inossidabilità.[1] Inizialmente il Type 99 fu fornito nella versione "lunga", con canna da 790 mm, ma a partire dal 1942 subentrò la versione "corta" con canna ridotta a 640 mm, la quale rappresenta la gran parte della produzione complessiva.[2]

Fu pianificato di rimpiazzare tutti i Type 38 con i nuovi Type 99, ma il processo era in pieno svolgimento quando il Giappone decise di aprire il fronte del Pacifico: l'esercito si trovò costretto a utilizzare entrambi i fucili fino alla fine della guerra. A partire dal settembre 1944 le difficoltà economiche in cui si dibatteva l'impero giapponese, dovute al blocco sottomarino statunitense, obbligarono l'industria a ridurre drasticamente i costi per compensare le perdite e risparmiare materiali preziosi; i Type 99 costruiti in quest'ultimo periodo erano di qualità sensibilmente minore e furono chiamati "ultima speranza" o "sostituto standard", per la loro mancanza di rifiniture. In generale essi apparivano come una versione grezza del Mauser Karabiner 98k tedesco.[2]

Del Type 99 fu elaborata una versione per tiratori scelti. Un primo lotto di 1.000 fucili fu fornito dall'arsenale di Kokura con un'ottica da 2,5 ingrandimenti:[1] i mirini erano dei Tomoika Type 1, montati sul lato sinistro dell'otturatore fissati a un apposito sostegno.[2] Altri 9.000 pezzi furono invece consegnati dall'arsenale di Nagoya; 7.000 circa furono equipaggiati con mirini telescopici da 4 ingrandimenti. Entrambi i tipi furono distribuiti principalmente alle truppe stanziate in Giappone.[1]

Note

Dettaglio del sigillo imperiale impresso sul fucile
  1. ^ a b c Type 99 e varianti su japaneseweapons.net, su japaneseweapons.net. URL consultato il 17 dicembre 2013.
  2. ^ a b c Arisaka Type 99 (Rifle), su militaryfactory.com. URL consultato il 10 febbraio 2013.

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