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Tronco di cono

Tronco di cono 3D

In geometria solida il tronco di cono è un cono al quale è stata tagliata la punta con un piano parallelo alla base. Qualora il piano non sia parallelo alla base, la sezione ottenuta è un'ellisse anziché un cerchio.

Formule

Sia un tronco di cono d'altezza e le cui basi hanno raggi e . Il volume del tronco è pari a

La superficie laterale del tronco di cono è data dalla formula

dove è l'apotema, la lunghezza del lato obliquo del tronco di cono, pari a

La superficie totale del cono è data dalla formula:

oppure

Dimostrazione della formula del volume

È dato un tronco di cono T in cui R sia il raggio della base maggiore, r quello della minore e h l'altezza.

Si prolunghi la superficie laterale dalla parte di r fino ad ottenere il cono V1 di base in R e altezza pari a h + h2, in cui h2 è l'altezza del cono V2 con base in r. Il volume del tronco è quindi:

I triangoli di lati r e h2 e di lati h e R-r sono simili, poiché hanno tutti gli angoli uguali. Pertanto possiamo scrivere:

Per cui:

Partendo dalla formula del volume del cono:

Sostituendo in h2:

Tornando alla formula iniziale:

Volume del tronco di cono ellittico

La formula per calcolare il volume di un tronco di cono ellittico è la seguente:

dove V è il volume del tronco di cono, r è il raggio, α è l'inclinazione dell'apotema del cono sezionato, a e b sono i semiassi dell'ellisse ottenuta dal sezionamento del cono e H e h sono rispettivamente l'altezza massima e minima del tronco di cono.

Comparazione con il cilindro

Un cilindro può essere pensato come un tronco di cono con basi di uguali dimensioni. Partendo quindi dalla formula del volume di un tronco di cono C per il quale il raggio R risulta anche uguale a r, si ha:

che è la formula del volume di un cilindro.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE1025473582
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