Toby Jug

Il Toby Jug, anche conosciuto come Fillpot (o Philpot), è una brocca di ceramica, a forma di persona seduta o della testa di una persona riconoscibile, tipica dell'Inghilterra.^[1]

Descrizione

Esempi di oggettistica kitsch,^[1] i Joby Jug possono presentare molte forme diverse. Molti di essi raffigurano un uomo corpulento e gioviale che regge un boccale di birra in una mano e una pipa di tabacco nell'altra. Solitamente indossano abiti settecenteschi comprendenti un lungo cappotto e un tricorno, una delle cui punte è il beccuccio del recipiente.^[2] I Toby Jug possono avere un coperchio e solitamente dispongono di una maniglia nella parte posteriore.^[2] Vengono considerati Toby Jug anche quei recipienti che raffigurano solo la testa, e talvolta le spalle, di un personaggio. Tuttavia questi ultimi andrebbero più propriamente detti character jug ("brocca -a forma di- personaggio")^[3] o face jug ("brocca -a forma di- faccia").

Storia

Etimologia e origini

Esistono diversi antecedenti dei Toby Jug, molti dei quali sono recipienti per liquidi antropomorfi pervenuti in Europa nei territori occupati dai Greci e dai Romani e nelle Americhe dalle civiltà precolombiane.^[4]

Benché l'origine dei Toby Jug sia oggetto di discussione,^[5] si pensa che vennero creati tra gli anni sessanta e settanta del Settecento da ceramisti come John Astbury, Thomas Whieldon, Ralph Wood, Aaron Wood e John Voyez^[3] e che siano un'evoluzione delle simili brocche prodotte a Delft, nei Paesi Bassi.^[6] Sebbene qualcuno pensi che prendano il nome da personaggi fittizi come Toby Belch de La dodicesima notte di William Shakespeare o lo zio Toby di Tristam Shandy di Laurence Sterne, è più probabile che il loro nome provenga da Henry Elwes, detto Toby Fillpot, un uomo dello Yorkshire capace di bere enormi quantità di birra.^[4] Quando egli morì nel 1761, l'editore londinese Carrington Bowles ne pubblicò un ritratto che ebbe successo. Contemporaneamente si iniziarono a fabbricare delle brocche con la stessa foggia del ritratto.^[7]

Successo

Tra la fine del secolo e durante l'Ottocento, le brocche che avevano la forma di Toby Fillpot seduto divennero oggetti di uso comune nei pub e nelle taverne, si iniziarono a creare caraffe simili ritraenti altri personaggi celebri ed eccentrici legati al folklore inglese, tra cui Martha Gunn e Falstaff e fu avviata la produzione di Toby Jug in altre parti del mondo, tra cui la Francia, la Germania e gli Stati Uniti.^[4] Negli anni trenta del Novecento l'azienda Royal Doulton iniziò a creare dei Toby Jug raffiguranti solamente la testa di un particolare soggetto.^[4] Nel Novecento esistevano oltre 175 aziende che creavano boccali con la foggia di personaggi celebri realmente esistiti come William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens e Winston Churchill.^[4]^[8]

Galleria d'immagini

Note

^ ^a ^b (EN) Tom Supensky, Looking at Art Philosophically - Aesthetic Concepts Fundamental to Being an Artist, AuthorHouse, 2012, p. Chapter XII.
^ ^a ^b (EN) toby jug, su dictionary.cambridge.org. URL consultato il 18 maggio 2023.
^ ^a ^b (EN) A Brief History of Toby Jugs, su tobyjugcollecting.com. URL consultato il 18 maggio 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e (EN) Origins & Development, su tobyjugmuseum.com. URL consultato il 18 maggio 2023.
^ (EN) Jean Dale, Royal Doulton Jugs, The Charlton Press, 1991, p. vii.
^ (EN) Louis Marc Emmanuel Solon, The Art of the Old English Potter, Forgotten, 2015, p. 245.
^ (EN) John Windsor, 'The Mantel', su The Independent, 21 agosto 1998. URL consultato il 18 maggio 2023.
^ (EN) National Churchill Day: Churchill Toby Jugs, su cultureoncall.com. URL consultato il 18 maggio 2023.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Toby Jug

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) toby jug, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Portale Alcolici

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