Teopompo (re di Sparta)

(GRC)

«τὸν Θεοπόμπου τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπαινούντων λόγον, ὅς, εἰπόντος τινὸς σώζεσθαι τὴν Σπάρτην διὰ τοὺς βασιλεῖς ἀρχικοὺς γεγονότας, ‘μᾶλλον,’ εἶπε, ‘διὰ τοὺς πολίτας πειθαρχικοὺς’.»

(IT)

«A un tale che asseriva: "Sparta si regge perché i suoi re sanno comandare", "Dì piuttosto perché i suoi cittadini sanno ubbidire", rispose Teopompo.»

Teopompo
Re Euripontide di Sparta
In caricaVIII secolo a.C.
PredecessoreNicandro
SuccessoreAnassandrida I
Nome completoΘεόπομπος
NascitaSparta, VIII secolo a.C.
Morte675 a.C. circa
Casa realeEuripontidi
PadreNicandro
FigliAnassandrida I

Teopompo (in greco antico: Θεόπομπος?, Theòpompos; Sparta, VIII secolo a.C.675 a.C. circa) è stato un re di Sparta della dinastia Euripontide.

Biografia

Succeduto al padre Nicandro, Teopompo condusse gli Spartani al successo nella prima guerra messenica, verso la fine dell'VIII secolo a.C.[1]: una vittoria celebrata anche dal poeta Tirteo[2].

Aristotele sostiene che sia stato Teopompo ad istituire l'eforato al tempo della prima guerra messenica.[3] Questa tradizione è confermata da Plutarco,[4] che ricorda anche un aneddoto al riguardo: quando la moglie del re lo rimproverò per aver sminuito i poteri dei re in favore dei cinque efori, che da quel momento in poi avrebbero affiancato i sovrani nel governo di Sparta, Teopompo rispose che in quel modo avrebbe reso la diarchia più duratura, perché meno assoluta e quindi meno invisa alla cittadinanza.[4]

Lo storico di Cheronea ricorda anche che l'istituzione dell'eforato fu motivato dal fatto che le guerre messeniche impegnavano entrambi i re così attivamente che i sovrani ebbero bisogno di alcuni assistenti per l'amministrazione ordinaria della città.[5]

Sempre secondo la testimonianza di Plutarco, fu Teompompo, assieme al collega[6] Polidoro, a modificare la legislazione di Licurgo, istituendo una procedura secondo la quale se, durante l'approvazione di una legge da parte dell'Apella,[7] l'assemblea avesse proposto delle modifiche alla legge stessa, i re e la Gherusia[8] avrebbero avuto facoltà di sciogliere l'assemblea, per evitare che la proposta legislativa venisse snaturata dalla volontà popolare.[9]

Morì nel 675 a.C. circa. Secondo Erodoto[10] il suo successore fu il figlio Anassandrida I, mentre secondo Pausania, dopo la morte di Teopompo il trono euripontide passò direttamente al nipote Zeussidamo.[11]

Note

  1. ^ Pausania, Periegesi della Grecia, III, 3, 2; IV, 6,4-5.
  2. ^ Tirteo, fr. 5 West.
  3. ^ Aristotele, V, 1313a.
  4. ^ a b Plutarco, Vita di Licurgo, 7.
  5. ^ Plutarco, Vita di Cleomene, 10.
  6. ^ A Sparta era in vigore un regime di diarchia, con due re di due differenti famiglie contemporaneamente in carica coi medesimi poteri esecutivi.
  7. ^ L'assemblea dei cittadini.
  8. ^ Il consiglio degli anziani.
  9. ^ Plutarco, Vita di Licurgo, 6.
  10. ^ Erodoto, Storie, VIII, 131.
  11. ^ Pausania, Descrizione della Grecia, III, 7, 5-6.

Bibliografia

Fonti primarie
Fonti secondarie

Altri progetti

Predecessore Re Euripontide di Sparta Successore
Nicandro c. 720- c. 675 a.C. Anassandrida I

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