Società dei Cincinnati

La Società dei Cincinnati (in inglese: Society of the Cincinnati) è un'associazione statunitense, con filiali negli Stati Uniti e Francia, fondata nel 1783 da ufficiali che avevano prestato servizio durante la guerra d'indipendenza americana, come arma di pressione affinché il governo onorasse gli impegni fatti agli ufficiali che avevano preso parte alla guerra.

Attualmente la Società dei Cincinnati è un'organizzazione culturale senza scopo di lucro che promuove l'interesse per la Rivoluzione Americana attraverso biblioteche, un museo, pubblicazioni e l'organizzazione di mostre.

Storia

Ordine di Cincinnati
Order of Society of Cincinnati
Insegna dell'Ordine di Cincinnati^[1]
Stati Uniti
Tipologia	Medaglia di merito
Status	cessato
Istituzione	Washington, 1783
Gradi	Medaglia (classe unica)
Nastro della medaglia
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Gli scopi della società, al momento della nascita, erano quelli di promuovere l'unità della nazione, favorire il mantenimento dei contatti personali e di amicizia nati durante la guerra, perpetuare gli ideali per i quali si era combattuto, aiutare i soci, o i loro familiari, in difficoltà.

L'associazione prese il nome da Cincinnato, il cittadino-soldato della Roma repubblicana. Potevano appartenere alla società gli ufficiali che avevano preso parte alla Rivoluzione e il più anziano dei loro discendenti maschi. Sezioni della società furono organizzate in ognuno dei tredici stati americani più una sezione francese (Société des Cincinnati de France). Il primo presidente della società fu il generale George Washington. La costituzione della società sollevò aspre critiche già nel periodo della sua fondazione: Samuel Adams, per esempio, riteneva che la costituzione della società rappresentasse "un passo verso la nobiltà militare ereditaria", contraria pertanto allo spirito di uguaglianza che era stata alla base della rivoluzione americana^[2]. Per lo scarso interesse dei discendenti, attorno al 1835 la società era ormai inattiva nella maggior parte degli stati, ma ci fu un risveglio di interesse alla fine del XIX secolo.

La città di Cincinnati, nell'Ohio, fu battezzata così in onore della società nel 1790.

Note

^ Benson J. Lossing: Pictoral Field Book of the Revolution, 1850
^ Gordon S. Wood, I figli della libertà. Alle origini della democrazia americana, Traduz. di D. Panzieri, Firenze : Giunti Editore, 1996, ISBN 880920722X, pp. 318 e segg. (on-line)

Bibliografia

B.J. Lossing, Pictoral Fieldbook of the Revolution. Volume I, 1850.
Minor Myers, Liberty Without Anarchy: A History of the Society of the Cincinnati., University of Virginia Press, 1983.
Winslow Warren, The Society of the Cincinnati: A History of the General Society of the Cincinnati with the Institution of the Order, Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati, 1929.

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Società dei Cincinnati

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) Sito ufficiale, su societyofthecincinnati.org.
(EN) Society of the Cincinnati, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(EN) Society of the Cincinnati, Sito istituzionale, su societyofthecincinnati.org.
(FR) Société des Cincinnati de France, Sito istituzionale, su cincinnatidefrance.fr.

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 126330880 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 0851 6210 · LCCN (EN) n50075547 · BNF (FR) cb12236516m (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007605445405171

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