Sindrome del nodo del seno

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Sindrome del nodo del seno
ECG di un uomo con sindrome di bradi-tachicardica dopo valvuloplastica mitralica. L'ECG mostra fibrillazione atriale a circa 126 battiti al minuto.
Specialitàcardiologia
Classificazione e risorse esterne (EN)
ICD-9-CM427.81
OMIM163800 e 608567
MeSHD012804
MedlinePlus000161
Sinonimi
Sindrome bradi-tachi
Sindrome del nodo malato

La sindrome del nodo del seno, altrimenti detta sindrome bradi-tachi o sindrome del nodo malato, è una forma di disfunzione del nodo del seno, che è situato nell'atrio destro del cuore.

Eziologia

È una sindrome poco frequente, spesso legata all'invecchiamento; compare come bradicardia sinusale ed altri tipi di bradicardie (battito cardiaco lento) in movimento. La sindrome del nodo malato può esser associata a tachicardia (ritmo cardiaco veloce), come la tachicardia sopraventricolare parossistica e la fibrillazione atriale.

L’aritmia è spesso causata o peggiorata da farmaci quali la digitale, i calcio-antagonisti, i beta-bloccanti e gli anti-aritmici. Altre cause possono essere la sarcoidosi, amiloidosi, malattia di Chagas e le miocardiopatie. La sindrome bradi-tachicardica è più frequente negli adulti anziani, dove la causa è spesso una degenerazione di tipo cicatriziale del sistema di conduzione cardiaco.

La cardiochirurgia, specie degli atri, è una causa comune della sindrome nei bambini. Pure la malattia coronarica, l'ipertensione arteriosa e malattie delle valvole aortica e mitrale possono esser associate alla sindrome bradi-tachicardica, sebbene ciò possa essere una causa secondaria.

Clinica

Anche se molti tipi di SBT non presentano sintomi, essi possono essere:

Diagnosi

Tramite l'elettrocardiogramma.

Quadro elettrocardiografico

La sindrome del nodo del seno si caratterizza per la presenza di:

Trattamento

Le bradiaritmie sono ben controllate con il pacemaker, mentre le tachiaritmie rispondono bene alla terapia medica. Però, siccome possono esser presenti entrambe, i farmaci per controllare la tachiaritmia possono esacerbare la bradiaritmia. Di conseguenza, prima di iniziare la terapia farmacologica, al paziente viene impiantato il pacemaker.

Bibliografia

  • Joseph C. Segen, Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine, ISBN 978-88-386-3917-3.
  • (EN) Lilly L.S., Pathophysiology of Heart Disease, 2007ª ed., Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 978-1-60547-723-7.
  • Rowlands DJ, Interpretazione dell'elettrocardiogramma, 2004.ª ed., Pro.Med. Editore, ISBN 978-88-6521-011-6.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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