Siccomario

Siccomario
Siccomario – Stemma
StatiItalia (bandiera) Italia
RegioniLombardia (bandiera) Lombardia
Territorio Provincia di Pavia
Abitanti13 070
Lingueitaliano, dialetto pavese

Il Siccomario (Sicumar in dialetto pavese) è un territorio di 13 070 abitanti[1][2] appartenente alla Provincia di Pavia, immediatamente a sud del capoluogo.

È delimitato a sud dal fiume Po, a est dal Ticino, a nord dal canale Gravellone che lo divide da Pavia, a ovest dal confine storico con la Lomellina. Dal punto di vista geografico, la Lomellina occupa il piano diluviale, che domina da un terrazzo di circa 15 metri il piano alluvionale alla confluenza di Po e Ticino, in cui si situa il Siccomario.

Conosciuto fin dall'antichità come zona particolarmente fertile, è dedito ancora oggi principalmente all'agricoltura. Comprende i comuni di Travacò Siccomario, San Martino Siccomario e una parte del comune di Cava Manara (limitatamente alle frazioni Gerre Chiozzo, Tre Re e Mezzana Corti).

Confina a sud con il territorio al di là del Po, che come tale prende il nome di Oltrepò Pavese.[3]

Il nome Siccomario comparve per la prima volta in un documento del 1099 riguardante una vendita di beni da parte della abbazia di San Maiolo in Pavia, sotto la forma Sigemarius, forse da un nome di persona di origine germanica, proprietario terriero della zona.[4] Almeno dall'851 è documentato a Pavia, allora capitale del regno d'Italia, un monasterium Sigemarii probabilmente fondato da un ecclesiastico di origine alemanna, Sigemarius, giunto in città a seguito della conquista franca. L'ente ecclesiastico scomparve nel corso del X secolo, ma la parte del patrimonio che aveva posseduto fra Ticino e Po fu da allora denominata Sigemarium[5]. A San Martino viene aggiunto il toponimo "Siccomario" solo nei primi dell'Ottocento.[6][7] Nel 1356, durante uno sfortunato tentativo di conquistare Pavia, le forze di Galeazzo II Visconti si accamparono nel Siccomario[8].

Numerose sono le citazioni e le descrizioni del Siccomario nei secoli, come Opicino de Canistris (1330) o Bernardo Sacco[9] (1565).

Note

  1. ^ Copia archiviata, su geonames.org. URL consultato il 15 marzo 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 7 marzo 2016).
  2. ^ Copia archiviata, su demo.istat.it. URL consultato il 24 ottobre 2014 (archiviato il 30 ottobre 2014).
  3. ^ Ancora nel XVIII secolo, come entità amministrativa, il Siccomario comprendeva anche i comuni di Verrua Po e Mezzanino, situati a sud del Po (ma in origine, fino a uno o due secoli prima, posti a nord del fiume).
  4. ^ Fu a lungo ritenuto che l'etimologia del nome Siccomario derivasse dal latino siccum mare (mare secco) a ricordo del progressivo ritirarsi delle acque e del conseguente essiccarsi delle paludi alluvionali. Cfr. San Martino Siccomario, su web.tiscali.it. URL consultato il 3 marzo 2021.
  5. ^ Aldo A. Settia, Nella Pavia corolingia: dal "monasterium Sigemarii" al Siccomario, in Bollettino della Società Pavese di Storia Patria, vol. 121, 2021, pp. 163-190, ISSN 2239-2254 (WC · ACNP).
  6. ^ Dal 909 in un diploma appare la dizione Terra Arsa, che sarà poi a lungo associata a San Martino, detto appunto San Martino in Terra Arsa, e così compare nei secoli nelle cartografie, disgiunto dal Siccomario.
  7. ^ Comune di Travacò Siccomario - Storia, su comune.travacosiccomario.pv.it. URL consultato il 14 febbraio 2019.
  8. ^ "Come i Visconti asediaro Pavia". Assedi e operazioni militari intorno a Pavia dal 1356 al 1359, su academia.edu.
  9. ^ De Italicarum rerum varietate.

Bibliografia

  • Giuseppe Bogliani (a cura di), Travacò Siccomario - La natura tra due fiumi, Comune di Travacò Siccomario, 1998.
  Portale Lombardia: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che parlano della Lombardia

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