Sarcophagidae

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Sarcophagidae
Sarcophaga carnaria
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumHexapoda
ClasseInsecta
SottoclassePterygota
CoorteEndopterygota
SuperordineOligoneoptera
SezionePanorpoidea
OrdineDiptera
SottordineBrachycera
InfraordineMuscomorpha
SuperfamigliaOestroidea
FamigliaSarcophagidae
Macquart, 1834
Suddivisioni
vedi testo

I Sarcofagidi (Sarcophagidae Macquart, 1834) sono una famiglia di insetti dell'ordine dei ditteri, i cui membri sono chiamati comunemente "mosche della carne"[1][2][3][4] o, ancora più genericamente, "mosconi".

Descrizione

I membri di questa famiglia sono generalmente grigi, striati o variegati di nero[1][4]; assomigliano ai calliforidi, che però mostrano spesso una colorazione metallizzata[4].

Biologia

È una famiglia variegata, che per lo sviluppo delle larve si affida alla necrofagia e saprofagia oppure al parassitismo (ai danni di mammiferi, altri artropodi, lombrichi o lumache; ad esempio la sottofamiglia dei Miltogrammini approfitta delle provviste immagazzinate dagli Aculeati)[1][4]; la maggioranza delle specie depone le uova, che si schiudono quasi subito, dentro materiale organico in decomposizione, come la carne putrefatta, o negli escrementi[1]. Le larve di alcune specie possono essere causa di miasi sia nell'uomo che in altri animali; ad esempio, quelle di Sarcophaga carnaria e Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis possono essere ingerite assieme ai cibi che le ospitano, causando miasi intestinali; Wohlfahrtia magnifica, invece, depone le uova direttamente nelle mucose e nelle aperture naturali come bocca, naso e orecchi, dando origine a miasi che possono avere gravi conseguenze[1].

Gli adulti si cibano invece di sostanze zuccherine, come nettare, linfa, melata o succo di frutta[4].

Distribuzione

Con i suoi numerosi generi, questa famiglia è presente in tutto il mondo[4].

Tassonomia

Brachicoma devia
Craticulina sp.
Lepidodexia sp.
Metopia sp.
Miltogramma germari
Nyctia halterata
Sarcophaga bercaea
Wohlfahrtia magnifica

La famiglia comprende i seguenti generi[3]:

Sottofamiglia Miltogramminae Lioy, 1864

Sottofamiglia Paramacronychiinae Brauer & Bergenstamm

Sottofamiglia Sarcophaginae Macquart, 1834

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e Sarcofagidi, su Treccani.it. URL consultato il 25 luglio 2017.
  2. ^ (EN) Browse taxonomic tree, su Catalogue of Life. URL consultato il 25 luglio 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 agosto 2018).
  3. ^ a b (EN) Sarcophagidae Macquart, 1834, su BioLib.cz. URL consultato il 25 luglio 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f (EN) Family Sarcophagidae - Flesh Flies, su BugGuide. URL consultato il 25 luglio 2017.

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