Rapateaceae

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Rapateaceae
Stegolepis guianensis
Classificazione APG IV
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
(clade)Angiosperme
(clade)Mesangiosperme
(clade)Monocotiledoni
(clade)Commelinidi
OrdinePoales
FamigliaRapateaceae
Dumort.
Classificazione Cronquist
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
SottoregnoTracheobionta
SuperdivisioneSpermatophyta
DivisioneMagnoliophyta
ClasseLiliopsida
SottoclasseCommelinidae
OrdineCommelinales
FamigliaRapateaceae
Generi

Le Rapateacee (Rapateaceae Dumort.) sono una famiglia di piante monocotiledoni dell'ordine Poales che si trovano principalmente nelle zone tropicali del Sudamerica, con una sola specie (Maschalocephalus dinklagei) insediata nell'Africa occidentale.[1][2]

Descrizione

Sono piante erbacee, con radice a rizoma, le cui foglie formano una rosetta, con infiorescenze apicali al culmine di un peduncolo; i fiori sono grandi, con sepali, petali e 6 stami, la deiscenza delle antere è per pori (poricida).[senza fonte]

Biologia

La maggior parte dei generi della famiglia si riproducono per impollinazione entomogama, con l'eccezione dei generi Guacamaya, Kunhardtia e Schoenocephalium per i quali è stato documentato un meccanismo di impollinazione ornitogama ad opera di colibrì.[3]

Filogenesi

Sulla base delle caratteristiche morfologiche, molti autori le paragonarono con le Xyridaceae (come Cronquist 1981, Dahlgren et al. 1985), ma oggigiorno è chiara la sua posizione come sorella del clade che contiene tutte le Poales salvo le Typhaceae e le Bromeliaceae (ossia, Xyridaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae e famiglie affini).[4][5] In alcune analisi, le Rapateaceae sono arrivate a essere indicate come sorelle delle altre Poales, ma l'appoggio era molto basso.[6] Le Rapateaceae hanno una distribuzione molto particolare: si trovano in aree isolate del Sudamerica e nell'ovest dell'Africa; questa distribuzione assomiglia a quella delle Bromeliaceae e delle Xyridaceae. Bromeliaceae e Rapateaceae possiedono ghiandole nettarifere settate.

Tassonomia

La famiglia è un clade abbastanza basale delle Poales, divergendo dal resto delle famiglie dopo il distacco delle [Typhaceae + Bromeliaceae].[7][8]

La famiglia comprende 17 generi, suddivisi in 3 sottofamiglie:[8][2]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the ordines and families of flowering plants: APG IV, in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 181, n. 1, 2016, pp. 1–20.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Rapateaceae, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 26/4/2022.
  3. ^ (EN) Givnish, T.J., Evans, T.M., Zihra, M.L., Patterson, T.B., Berry, P.E. e Sytsma, K.J., Molecular evolution, adaptive radiation, and geographic diversification in the amphiatlantic family Rapateaceae: Evidence fro ndhF sequences and morphology, in Evolution, vol. 54, 2000, pp. 1915-1937, DOI:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb01237.x.
  4. ^ (EN) Cronquist, An integrated system of classification of flowering plants., Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1981.
  5. ^ (EN) Dahlgren e Clifford, H. T., Yeo, P. F., The families of the monocotyledons, Berlín, Springer-Verlag, 1985.
  6. ^ (EN) Davis, J. I., Stevenson, D. W. e Petersen, G., A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jacknife and bootstrap value., n. 29, 2004, pp. 467-510.
  7. ^ (EN) The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III, in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 161, n. 2, 2009, pp. 105–121, DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 maggio 2017).
  8. ^ a b (EN) P. F. Stevens, Rapateaceae, su Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. URL consultato il 26 aprile 2022.

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