Rafetus euphraticus

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Come leggere il tassobox
Tartaruga dal guscio molle dell'Eufrate
Stato di conservazione
In pericolo[1]
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClasseReptilia
OrdineTestudines
FamigliaTrionychidae
GenereRafetus
SpecieR. euphraticus
Nomenclatura binomiale
Rafetus euphraticus
(Daudin, 1801)
Sinonimi

Testudo euphratica, Trionyx euphraticus

La tartaruga dal guscio molle dell'Eufrate (Rafetus euphraticus Daudin, 1801) è una tartaruga della famiglia dei Trionichidi diffusa nel bacino dei fiumi Tigri ed Eufrate in Iraq, Siria, Turchia e Iran (Provincia di Khūzestān). È minacciata dall'inquinamento idrico e dalla distruzione dell'habitat[2].

Storia

Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, che nel giugno del 1797 uccise un esemplare lungo 91 cm mentre attraversava l'Eufrate nei pressi di Anah, battezzò la tartaruga dal guscio molle dell'Eufrate Testudo rafcht[3].

La tartaruga dal guscio molle dell'Eufrate divenne nota agli scienziati occidentali quando nel giugno del 1797 il naturalista francese Guillaume-Antoine Olivier uccise un esemplare mentre attraversava l'Eufrate nei pressi di Anah[3]. Gli abitanti del luogo riferirono che le carni dell'animale non erano buone da mangiare, ma che il grasso era considerato un eccellente medicamento per svariate malattie epidermiche. Olivier battezzò la specie Testudo rafcht poiché, disse, «gli Arabi la chiamavano rafcht»[4].

Nel suo libro Olivier non disse cosa significava questo nome in arabo; tuttavia, su varie pagine web arabe si trova scritto che questa tartaruga è conosciuta localmente come ar-rafš (الرفش), «la vanga» o «la pala», nome che forse si riferisce alla forma del carapace[5]. Olivier parlò di questa creatura a François Marie Daudin, che la descrisse nella sua Histoire des reptiles (1801)[4][6].

I naturalisti successivi spesso sbagliarono la grafia del nome scelto da Olivier, denominando la specie rafeht invece che rafcht[7]. Il nome Rafetus euphraticus, così come lo stesso genere Rafetus, vennero proposti da John Edward Gray nel 1864, che in una sua opera scrisse che all'epoca la specie era nota con vari nomi, come Trionyx euphraticus, Testudo euphraticus, Trionyx rafeht, Tyrse rafeht o Testudo rafeht[8].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) European Reptile & Amphibian Specialist Group 1996, Rafetus euphraticus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Hanyeh Ghaffari, Taskavak, Ertan & Karami, Mahmood, Conservation Status of the Euphrates Softshell Turtle, Rafetus euphraticus, in Iran [collegamento interrotto], in Chelonian Conservation and Biology, vol. 7, n. 2, Chelonian Research Foundation, 2008, pp. 223–229. URL consultato il 9 novembre 2009.
  3. ^ a b Voyageurs et explorateurs provençaux, By Henri Barré, Michel Clerc, Paul Gaffarel, G. de Laget, H. Pellissier, Raymond Teisseire. Page 133.
  4. ^ a b Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, Voyage dans l'Empire othoman, l'Égypte et la Perse: fait par ordre du Gouvernement..., vol. 6, 1807, pp. 325-328.. See also plate 41 in the accompanying atlas Archiviato il 4 marzo 2016 in Internet Archive.. As Olivier wrote in French, his ch more or less corresponds to the English sh, or to š used in the standard transcription of the Arabic.
  5. ^ E.g., the leaflet سلحفاة الفرات طريّة الترس Rafetus euphraticu، أغرب سلاحف الماء الحلو في الشرق الأوسط from the WME News web site, which also has an English version, Mesopotamian softshell turtle (Rafetus euphraticus), the strangest fresh water turtle of the Middle East. Ar-rafš(الرفش) is also contained in a number of of web page found by a Google search on "سلحفاة الفرات", which is the Arabic for "Euphrates Turtle" (as seen in the above WME leaflet).
  6. ^ François Marie Daudin e Charles S. Sonnini, Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des reptiles: ouvrage faisant suite à l'histoire naturelle générale et particulieère, composée par Leclerc de Buffon, et rédigée par C. S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes,, vol. 2, Dufart, 1801, pp. 305-308.
  7. ^ "Rafetus euphraticus" in: UWE FRITZ and PETER HAVAŠ, Checklist of Chelonians of the World Archiviato il 23 giugno 2011 in Internet Archive., pp. 181-182. ("Tyrse rafeht Gray (ex errore pro Testudo rafcht Olivier, 1807", etc.)
  8. ^ The Rafetus section (pp. 81-82) in: Gray, J. E., Revision of the species of Trionychidae found in Asia and Africa, with descriptions of some new species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, pp. 76-98

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