Pliometanastes

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Pliometanastes
Immagine di Pliometanastes mancante
Stato di conservazione
Fossile
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClasseMammalia
SuperordineXenarthra
OrdinePilosa
SottordinePhyllophaga
FamigliaMegalonychidae
GenerePliometanastes

Il pliometanaste (gen. Pliometanastes) è un bradipo estinto, appartenente ai megalonichidi (Megalonychidae). Visse nel Miocene superiore (circa 8 milioni di anni fa) e i suoi resti sono stati ritrovati in Nordamerica (Florida, California e Texas).

Significato dei fossili

Questo animale è uno dei più antichi rappresentanti dei megalonichidi, un gruppo di bradipi al quale appartiene l'attuale bradipo didattilo (gen. Choloepus). Si presume che i megalonichidi si siano originati in Sudamerica, per poi migrare in Nordamerica. I due continenti, all'epoca, erano separati; è possibile che Pliometanastes si sia spostato verso nord tramite il cosiddetto island hopping, cioè passando da un'isola all'altra tramite il nuoto. Questa forma di migrazione, ritenuta improbabile per animali come i bradipi, ha ricevuto maggiore plausibilità grazie al recente ritrovamento di bradipi evidentemente marini (Thalassocnus). Altri megalonichidi sono stati ritrovati in strati miocenici nelle Antille (Imagocnus); probabilmente migrarono nello stesso modo di Pliometanastes o dei suoi antenati immediati. Pliometanastes è noto attraverso due specie (P. protistus e P. galushai), ed è l'antenato di Megalonyx, un bradipo terricolo rinvenuto frequentemente nel Pliocene e nel Pleistocene nordamericano.

Bibliografia

  • Hirschfeld, S. E. 1981. Pliometanastes protistus (Edentata, Megalonychidae) from Knight's Ferry, California, with discussion of early Hemphillian megalonychids. PaleoBios, 36: 1-16.
  • Hirschfeld, S. E. and S. D. Webb. 1968. Plio-Pleistocene megalonychid sloths of North America. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences, 12(5): 213-296.
  • Riecker, R. E. and T. P. Rooney. 1968. Deformation and polymorphism of enstatite under shear stress; a possible earthquake mechanism. Special Paper - Geological Society of America, p. 177-178.
  • Webb, S. D. 1980a. Biostratigraphy and biogeography of late Cenozoic megalonychoid sloths (Mammalia; Edentata). Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, 12 (4): 211.
  • Webb, S. D. 1980b. North American mammalian chronology and the Interamerican interchange. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, 12 (7): 546.

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