Pietro di Spagna

Frontespizio dell'opera di Pietro di Spagna

Pietro di Spagna (in latino Petrus Hispanus, in portoghese e in spagnolo Pedro Hispano; prima metà del XIII secolo – seconda metà del XIII secolo) fu l'autore del Tractatus, successivamente noto come Summulae Logicales, un importante manuale manuale universitario medievale sulla logica aristotelica.

Poiché si riteneva che l'Hispania inglobasse pure la penisola iberica, era tradizionalmente identificato con lo studioso ed ecclesiastico portoghese Pietro Juliani, che fu eletto come Papa Giovanni XXI nel 1276.[1] Tuttavia gli storici spagnoli mettono in dubbio questa ipotesi, affermando che l'autore del Tractatus era un castigliano domenicano. Alcuni studiosi ritengono che egli potrebbe essere anche Petrus Ferrandi Hispanus (deceduto tra il 1254 e il 1259).

Vita

L'unica informazione certa circa la sua biografia è che Pietro di Spagna fu allievo di Jean le Page.

Opere

Filosofia

Esistono numerosi manoscritti ed edizioni a stampa delle Summulae Logicales, a dimostrazione del suo grande successo nelle università di tutta Europa fino al diciassettesimo secolo. L'edizione più recente è Tractatus called afterwards Summule Logicales, a cura di Lambertus Marie de Rijk, Wijsgerige Teksten en Studies 22 (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1972). Una sua opera logica successiva è, nell'ultima edizione, Syncategoreumata , a cura di Lambertus Marie de Rijk e tradotto da Joke Spruyt, Studien und Text zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 30 ( New York: EJ Brill, 1992).

Pietro di Spagna appoggiò un'indagine sull'insegnamento presso l'Università di Parigi che portò alla condanna del 1277 del vescovo parigino, che denunciò proposizioni aristoteliche che erano in conflitto con la dottrina della Chiesa.[2]:

(LA)

«Dialectica est ars artium, scientia scientiarum, ad omnium methodorum principia viam habens; sola enim dialectica probabiliter disputat de principiis omnium aliarum scientiarum, et ideo in acquisitione omnium aliarum scientiarum dialectica debet esse prior.»

(IT)

«La dialettica [cioè la logica, nella terminologia di Pietro] è l'arte delle arti, della scienza delle scienze ai principi di tutti i metodi, perché in effetti la sola dialettica discute in modo credibile sui principi di tutte le altre scienze, e quindi nella [propria] acquisizione (apprendimento) di tutte le altre scienze la dialettica deve essere prioritaria.»

(Pietro di Spagna[3])

Medicina

Thesaurus pauperum

A Petrus Hispanus, di solito identificato come lo stesso studioso,[4] è stato attribuito un Commentario su Isacco, uno dei testi fondamentali di farmacologia clinica. Invece ad un Pedro Hispano è stato anche attribuito il Thesaurus Pauperum, un ricettario completo per la contraccezione e l'incentivazione delle mestruazioni. Molte delle ricette di Pietro di Spagna si sono rivelate sorprendentemente efficaci dalla ricerca contemporanea, e si ritiene che le donne nell'antichità avessero un maggiore controllo sulla loro riproduzione di quanto si credesse in precedenza.[5]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Michael Haren, Medieval Thought (1985), p.148.
  2. ^ (EN) Prince, Lawrence M. (2002) History of Science: Antiquity to 1700. Lecture 19. The Teaching Company, Chantilly, VA
  3. ^ Come citato, ad esempio, in Papst Johannes XXI di Richard Stapper Richard, id = etJhAAAAMAAJ & pg = RA3-PA5 & dq = est + ars + artium p. 5, raccolti in "Kirchengeschichtliche Studien" v. 4.
  4. ^ (EN) Joke Spruyt (2001), Peter of Spain, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Revisionato nel 2007. Eprint.
  5. ^ (EN) John M. Riddle, Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance , Harvard University Press, 1994.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 12661563 · GND (DE) 100965814
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