Periptychidae

Come leggere il tassoboxProgetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox
Come leggere il tassobox
Periptychidae
Ricostruzione di Ectoconus ditrigonus
Stato di conservazione
Fossile
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
ClasseMammalia
OrdineCondylarthra
FamigliaPeriptychidae

I periptichidi (Periptychidae) sono una famiglia di mammiferi estinti, classicamente ascritti fra i condilartri. Vissero nel Paleocene (circa 64 - 57 milioni di anni fa) e i loro fossili sono stati ritrovati in Nordamerica. Tra di essi vi furono alcuni tra i primi mammiferi di grandi dimensioni.

Descrizione

I periptichidi si distinguono dagli altri condilartri principalmente per la loro dentatura: possedevano premolari rigonfi e insolite bande di smalto verticali. La famiglia include sia forme di piccole dimensioni, come la maggior parte dei mammiferi paleocenici (ad esempio Anisonchus), sia forme più grandi dotate di scheletri molto robusti e di grandi dimensioni, come Periptychus ed Ectoconus. Gli scheletri dei periptichidi mostrano poche specializzazioni, ma sono sicuramente adatti a uno stile di vita terricolo. Le forme di piccole dimensioni erano meno specializzate nello scheletro, mentre i grandi generi come Ectoconus possedevano scheletri potenti, dagli arti robusti e probabilmente erano animali scavatori.

Classificazione

Questi animali fanno parte di una radiazione evolutiva di mammiferi placentali erbivori e onnivori, che nel corso del Paleocene inferiore andarono a occupare numerose nicchie ecologiche lasciate vacanti dopo l'estinzione del Cretaceo - Terziario. Tutte queste forme sono state per lungo tempo note come condilartri, ma è ormai noto che questo gruppo è da considerarsi parafiletico. Attualmente i periptichidi sono considerati parte di un gruppo noto come Bulbulodentata (Archibald, 1998), comprendente anche gli Apheliscidae, i Tricuspiodontidae, gli Hyopsodontidae (probabilmente parafiletici) e il clade Panameriungulata, in cui sono raggruppati la famiglia dei Mioclaenidae (anch'essa probabilmente parafiletica), i pleuraspidoteriidi e i Meridiungulata (ovvero gli ungulati sudamericani). È possibile, infine, che i periptichidi fossero imparentati (se non addirittura ancestrali) con i pantodonti, un gruppo di mammiferi diffusi nel Paleocene e nell'Eocene dalle forme molto diversificate (Halliday et al., 2017).

La famiglia Periptychidae venne descritta per la prima volta da Edward Drinker Cope nel 1882. Viene suddivisa in due sottofamiglie principali: gli Anisonchinae, comprendente le forme più piccole e meno specializzate, e i Periptychinae, comprendente i generi più grandi e robusti; oltre a queste sottofamiglie, vi sono alcuni generi di incerta collocazione sistematica, come Pseudanisonchus (l'unico possibile periptichide asiatico), Conacodon e Oxyacodon. Un possibile periptichide del Cretaceo superiore, Paleoungulatum, è stato descritto nel 2014.

Ricostruzione dello scheletro di Periptychus carinidens
Cranio e mandibola di Carsioptychus coarctatus

Di seguito è proposta una classificazione tratta dal lavoro di McKenna e Bell (1997):

Bibliografia

  • Malcolm C. McKenna & Susan K. Bell, 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. New York, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-11013-8.
  • J. D. Archibald. 1998. Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra"). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, 1:292-331.
  • E. Gheerbrant, J. Sudre, M. Iarochene and A. Moumni. 2001. First ascertained African "condylarth" mammals (primitive ungulates: cf. Bulbulodentata and cf. Phenacodonta) from the earliest Ypresian of the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21(1):107-118.
  • Middleton M.D. and E.W. Dewar, 2004. New mammals from the early Paleocene Littleton fauna (Denver Formation, Colorado). Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 26:59-80.
  • Rose, Kenneth D. 2006. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 428 pp.
  • Thomas S. Kelly (2014). Preliminary report on the mammals from Lane's Little Jaw Site Quarry: a latest Cretaceous (earliest Puercan?) local fauna, Hell Creek Formation, southeastern Montana (PDF). Paludicola, 10 (1): 50–91.
  • Halliday, Thomas J.D.; Upchurch, Paul; Goswami, Anjali (2017). Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals. Biological Reviews, pp. 521–55. doi:10.1111/brv.12242.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Read other articles:

Peta Lokasi Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu di Sumatera Selatan Berikut adalah daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan/desa di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu memiliki 13 kecamatan, 14 kelurahan dan 143 desa (dari total 236 kecamatan, 386 kelurahan dan 2.853 desa di seluruh Sumatera Selatan). Pada tahun 2017, jumlah penduduknya sebesar 357.502 jiwa dengan luas wilayahnya 4.797,06 km² dan sebaran penduduk 74 jiwa/km².[1][2] Daftar keca...

 

Rayya, Cahaya di atas CahayaPoster filmSutradaraViva WestiProduserBayu Priyawan DjokosoetonoLila BayuDewi Umaya RachmanSabrang Mowo Damar PanuluhDitulis olehViva WestiEmha Ainun NajibPemeranTiti Radjo PadmajaTio PakusadewoChristine HakimLila AzizahVerdi SolaimanAlex AbbadMasayu AnastasiaArie DagienkzFanny FabrianaVedie BellamyBobby RachmanEmmie LemuDistributorMAM ProductionPic[K]Lock FilmsTanggal rilis20 September 2012Durasi... menitNegaraIndonesiaBahasaBahasa Indonesia Rayya, Cahaya di Atas ...

 

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (février 2014). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? ...

Pre-dreadnought battleship of the British Royal Navy For other ships with the same name, see HMS Irresistible. Irresistible in 1914 History United Kingdom NameIrresistible BuilderChatham Dockyard Laid down11 April 1898 Launched15 December 1898 CompletedOctober 1901 Commissioned4 February 1902 FateMined and sunk, 18 March 1915 General characteristics Class and typeFormidable-class battleship Displacement Normal: 14,500 long tons (14,700 t) Full load: 15,800 long tons (16,100 t) Lengt...

 

British film distribution company Mister Smith EntertainmentCompany typePublicIndustryMotion picturesFounded1 May 2012; 11 years ago (2012-05-01)Founder David Garrett Headquarters77 Dean Street, London, England, UKKey peopleDavid Garrett (CEO)[1]Services Film distribution sales Financing Licensing Film production Owner Broad Green Pictures (45%)[2] (2015-2018) Constantin Film (minority stake) Websitemistersmithent.com Mister Smith Entertainment is a British f...

 

Adult hits radio station in Cleveland, Ohio WHLKCleveland, OhioUnited StatesBroadcast areaGreater ClevelandNortheast OhioFrequency106.5 MHz (HD Radio)Branding106.5 The LakeProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishFormatAdult hitsSubchannelsHD2: Pride RadioOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsWAKS (HD2)WARFWGAR-FMWMJIWMMS (HD2)WTAMHistoryFirst air dateMay 4, 1960(63 years ago) (1960-05-04)Former call signsWABQ-FM (1960–1961)WXEN (1961–1977)WZZP (1977–1984)WLTF (1984�...

For the fly, see Carnus (fly). For the French athlete, see Georges Carnus. In Greek mythology, Carnus (also spelled Carneus and Carneius) (Ancient Greek: Κάρνος) was a seer from Acarnania, who was instructed in the art of divination by Apollo. According to the poet Praxilla, he was a son of Europa, who was brought up by Apollo and Leto.[1] Alternatively, he was Apollo's lover and friend in some accounts.[2] Carnus accompanied the Heracleidae, and was killed by Hippotes w...

 

Radio station in Chillicothe, OhioWQLXChillicothe, OhioBroadcast areaChillicotheWashington Court HouseWilmingtonHillsboroFrequency106.5 MHz (HD Radio)BrandingMix 106.5 WQLXProgrammingFormatHot adult contemporaryAffiliationsPremiere NetworksPremium ChoiceiHeartRadioOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia, Inc.(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsWBEX, WCHI, WCHO, WCHO-FM, WKKJ, WSRWHistoryFirst air dateJuly 25, 1962 (1962-07-25) (as WSRW-FM)Former call signsWSRW-FM (1962–2009)Former freque...

 

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

Ираклеониты — ученики гностика Ираклеона (II век). Упоминаются как особая секта Епифанием и Августином; при крещении и миропомазании они соблюдали обряд помазания елеем и при этом произносили воззвания на арамейском языке, которые должны были освободить душу от власт�...

 

British botanist (born 1948) David MabberleyAMBornMay 1948 (1948-05) (age 76)Tetbury, Gloucestershire, EnglandOther namesDavid John MabberleyEducationRendcomb CollegeAlma materSt Catherine's College, OxfordSidney Sussex College, CambridgeSt John's College, OxfordWadham College, OxfordKnown forThe plant-bookAwardsEngler Medal in Silver (2009)José Cuatrecasas Medal for Excellence in Tropical BotanyLinnean MedalScientific careerFieldsBotanyDoctoral advisorE. J. H. Corne...

 

  ولاية خاتمة ولاية خاتمةالعلم ولاية خاتمةالشعار خريطة تحديد موقع صول ، سناج وعين الأرض والسكان إحداثيات 9°08′00″N 48°25′00″E / 9.13333333°N 48.41666667°E / 9.13333333; 48.41666667   المساحة 103897 كيلومتر مربع  عاصمة لاس عانود  التعداد السكاني 2500000   الحكم نظام الحكم نظام رئاس...

American sprinter (born 1984) Marshevet HookerHooker at the 2011 World Championships Athletics in Daegu.Personal informationBirth nameMarshevet HookerNationality AmericanBorn (1984-09-25) September 25, 1984 (age 39)Height5 ft 9 in (175 cm)Weight148 lb (67 kg)SportSportRunningEvent(s)100 meters, 200 metersCollege teamUniversity of Texas Medal record Women's athletics Representing the  United States World Championships 2011 Daegu 4×100 m relay World...

 

Jordanian muslim scholar SheikhNuh al-QudahTitleGrand Mufti of JordanPersonalBorn1939Ain Jana, Ajloun, TransjordanDied19 December 2010 (aged 70–71)ReligionIslamNationalityJordanianDenominationSunni IslamJurisprudenceShafi'iCreedAsh'ariAlma materDamascus University, Al-Azhar University, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversityMuslim leader Influenced Sa'id Foudah Nuh Ali Salman al-Qudah (1939 – 19 December 2010) was a Jordanian Muslim scholar and the Grand Mufti of Jordan fr...

 

سيف العرب معمر القذافي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 7 أغسطس 1981طرابلس، الجماهيرية الليبية الوفاة 30 أبريل 2011 (29 سنة)طرابلس، الجماهيرية العظمى سبب الوفاة قصف جوي مكان الدفن مقبرة الهاني مواطنة ليبيا  الأب معمر القذافي  الأم صفية فركاش  إخوة وأخوات عائشة القذافي،  ومحمد ال...

Waria (lakuran dari kata wanita dan pria) atau wadam (lakuran dari kata hawa dan adam) atau jantina (lakuran dari kata jantan dan betina) adalah laki-laki yang lebih suka berperan dan berperilaku sebagai perempuan dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Secara fisik, mereka adalah laki-laki (memiliki alat kelamin layaknya laki-laki), tetapi mereka mengekspresikan identitas gendernya sebagai perempuan. Keberadaan waria telah tercatat sejak lama dalam sejarah dan memiliki posisi yang berbeda-beda dalam...

 

Trains: Rapid transit / By country series Template‑class Trains Portal This template is within the scope of WikiProject Trains, an attempt to build a comprehensive and detailed guide to rail transport on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, you can visit the project page, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the discussion. See also: WikiProject Trains to do list and the Trains Portal.TrainsWikipedia:WikiProject TrainsTemplate:WikiProject Trainsrail transport article...

 

Movie complex in Busan, South Korea Busan Cinema Center영화의전당Address120 Suyeonggangbyeon-daero, Haeundae-guBusanSouth KoreaOwnerBusan Metropolitan CityOperatorBusan Cinema CenterTypeCinemas, theaters, concert halls, etc.CapacityBIFF Theater: 4,000Haneulyeon Theater: 841Cinema I: 413Cinema II: 212Cinematheque: 212ConstructionOpenedSeptember 29, 2011ArchitectCoop Himmelb(l)auWebsitehttps://www.dureraum.org/bccen/main/main.do Busan Cinema CenterHangul영화의전당Hanja映畫의殿堂R...

بطولة الأمم الست 2009   تفاصيل الموسم بطولة الأمم الست  النسخة 115  البلد جمهورية أيرلندا إيطاليا المملكة المتحدة  التاريخ بداية:7 فبراير 2009  نهاية:21 مارس 2009  البطل منتخب أيرلندا لاتحاد الرغبي  مباريات ملعوبة 15   عدد المشاركين 6   الحضور الجماهيري 981963   �...

 

فريدريك ليونارد معلومات شخصية الميلاد 12 مارس 1896(1896-03-12)ماونت فيرنون  الوفاة 23 يونيو 1960 (64 سنة)لوس أنجلوس  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامعة شيكاغوجامعة كاليفورنيا، بركلي  المهنة فلكي  موظف في جامعة كاليفورنيا، لوس أنجلوس  تعديل مصدر...