Patrikios

Il patrikios era una elevata carica dell'Impero bizantino, attribuita a partire dal V secolo.

Teodosio II aveva vietato che potesse essere conferita agli eunuchi, ma questa norma venne revocata nel VI secolo.

Sotto Giustiniano I (r. 527-565), il titolo venne concesso in larga misura vedendo così svalutato il suo prestigio, poiché l'imperatore lo attribuì a tutti gli illustris e alla maggioranza dei componenti del Senato bizantino.[1]

Nell'VIII secolo il titolo venne ulteriormente abbassato nell'ordine di precedenza, venendo dopo il magistros e l'anthypatos. Tuttavia rimase uno dei più alti nella gerarchia imperiale fino all'XI secolo, essendo assegnato ai più importanti strateghi (governatori provinciali e generali) dell'Impero.[2] Gli eunuchi patrikioi godettero di elevate precedenze, venendo prima degli anthypatoi.[3] Secondo il Klētorologion del tardo IX secolo, l'insegna della dignità era costituita da una tavoletta di avorio.[4] Durante l'XI secolo, la dignità di patrikios seguì le sorti di altri titoli: ampiamente diffusa, perse di importanza e scomparve durante il periodo dei Comneni agli inizi del XII secolo.[2]

Il titolo di prōtopatrikios ("primo patrizio") era in uso in oriente dal 367 al 711, probabilmente riferito agli anziani dell'ufficio ed ai capi dei patrikios (taxis).[2][5] La variante femminile patrikia (πατρικία) indicava la sposa del patrikioi; non va confusa con il titolo di zostē patrikia ("patrikia incinta"), che era l'unica dignità conferita alle donne in attesa di un imperatore.[2]

Note

  1. ^ Bury (1911), p. 27.
  2. ^ a b c d Kazhdan (1991), p. 1600.
  3. ^ Bury (1911), p. 124.
  4. ^ Bury (1911), p. 22.
  5. ^ Bury (1911), p. 28.

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