Paleografia greca

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La paleografia greca è la disciplina che studia la storia della scrittura greca, dalle origini (VIII secolo a.C.) all'epoca della stampa (XVI secolo d.C.). Essa ha lo scopo di analizzare - a livello grafico, cronologico e geografico - i testi manoscritti in lingua greca (per valutare come, quando e dove sono stati vergati), e di permetterne la lettura. Complementari alla paleografia greca sono l'epigrafia greca e la papirologia.

Codex Petropolitanus (Biblioteca Nazionale Russa, San Pietroburgo), incipit del Vangelo secondo Luca
Codex Sinaiticus (British Library, Londra), testo del Vangelo secondo Matteo

Benché sia molto complesso classificare le scritture greche e ricondurle a specifici stili (soprattutto per quanto concerne le minuscole), si possono individuare, tra le altre, le seguenti scritture librarie:

  • Maiuscole di età antica, arcaica e classica (VIII-IV sec. a.C.)
  • Maiuscole di età tardoantica, ellenistica e romana (IV sec. a.C. - III sec. d.C.)
  • Maiuscole di età bizantina (IV-X sec. d.C.): fino al "metacaratterismo" di epoca macedone (ovvero la trascrizione dei codici dalla grafia maiuscola alla grafia minuscola)
    • Maiuscola biblica
    • Maiuscola alessandrina
    • Maiuscola ogivale (inclinata e diritta)
    • Maiuscola liturgica
  • Minuscole di età bizantina (VIII-XV sec. d.C.): dal modello rigido al modello sciolto, calligrafiche e corsiveggianti, costantinopolitane e provinciali
    • Minuscola studita
    • Minuscola della "Collezione filosofica"
    • Minuscola "Bouletée"
    • Minuscola "Perlschrift"
    • Minuscola "Fettaugen"
    • Minuscola paleologa
    • Minuscole moderno-erudite
    • Minuscole tradizionali-arcaizzanti
  • Minuscole post-bizantine e umanistiche (XVI sec. d.C.)


La paleografia greca, oltre ad essere materia di specifici corsi universitari, viene studiata presso la Scuola vaticana di paleografia, diplomatica e archivistica dell'Archivio Segreto Vaticano, dove ha insegnato per numerosi decenni mons. Paul Canart, tra i massimi esperti di scrittura greca a livello mondiale.

Bibliografia

  • D. Bianconi - E. Crisci - P. Degni, Paleografia greca, Roma 2021.
  • P. Canart, Lezioni di paleografia e di codicologia greca, Roma SCV 1980.
  • E. Crisci - P. Degni, La scrittura greca dall'antichità all'epoca della stampa: una introduzione, Roma 2011.
  • E. Follieri, Byzantina et italograeca. Studi di filologia e di paleografia, in Storia e letteratura, Roma 1997.
  • E. Follieri, Codices Graeci Bibliothecae Vaticanae selecti, Roma SCV 1969.
  • E. Mioni, Introduzione alla paleografia greca, Padova 1973.
  • L. Perria, Graphìs. Per una storia della scrittura greca libraria (IV sec. a.C. - XVI sec. d.C.), Roma SCV 2011.

Voci correlate

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 8723 · LCCN (EN) sh85097078 · BNF (FR) cb119592327 (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007558100005171

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