Omnes feriunt, ultima necat

La locuzione latina omnes feriunt, ultima necat significa tutte feriscono, l'ultima uccide. Sono ben riscontrabili anche le varianti omnes vulnerant, ultima necat e vulnerant omnes, ultima necat.

Questo motto è attribuito a Seneca il Vecchio o il Retore^[1] e si trova spesso inciso sulle meridiane o sui quadranti degli orologi.

Interpretazione

Per il cardinale e teologo Raniero Cantalamessa l'incisione sugli orologi dei chiostri rinvia ad Agostino d'Ippona, secondo cui "l'uomo, quando nasce, contrae una malattia dalla quale nessuno che nasca ha scampo" (Discorso 229/H, 3),^[2] un'esistenza che è da considerarsi una "vita mortale o morte vitale" (Confessioni I, 6, 7),^[3]^[4] pensiero ripreso anche dal Martin Heidegger dell'"essere-per-la-morte" (Sein-zum-Tode).^[5]

Tuttavia la riflessione filosofica ritiene indecidibili un paio di aspetti essenziali:^[6]

le ore feriscono (il tempo porta acciacchi), eppure, sin quando non arriva l'ultima, siamo ancora vivi e possiamo provare a goderne. Perciò non è chiaro se la morte sia la fine di un edonismo vitalistico o viceversa l'interruzione di un disfacimento in corso;
anche nel caso del tempo come processo degenerativo, il nesso fra sofferenza e morte resta ambiguo: o compimento dell'agonia oppure suo punto di discontinuità ("almeno si smette di patire").

Nella cultura di massa

Nel 1966 il regista francese Jean-Pierre Melville ha diretto il film Le Deuxième Souffle, uscito in italiano col titolo: Tutte le ore feriscono... l'ultima uccide.

Su orologi e meridiane

Simili iscrizioni su torri campanarie, edifici cittadini e chiese, poste vicino a una meridiana o a un orologio, hanno una lunga tradizione in Italia come nell'Occidente.^[7] Tra le altre versioni del motto riportate sovente nei pressi degli orologi c'è anche Unam time, ultimam cave ovvero: «témine una: guàrdati dall'ultima [ora]».^{[senza fonte]}

Note

^ Luciano De Crescenzo, Il tempo e la felicità, Segrate, Oscar Mondadori, 2014 [1998], ISBN 978-88-520-4797-8.
^ Discorso 229/H, 3 Archiviato l'8 febbraio 2021 in Internet Archive.
^ Le Confessioni - 01, su augustinus.it. URL consultato il 26 dicembre 2023.
^ Le Confessioni I, 6, 7.
^ Raniero Cantalamessa, 2 Essere-per-la-morte, in Sorella morte, Milano, Àncora Editrice, 2022 [1991], ISBN 978-88-514-2665-1.
^ Georg Scherer, Il problema della morte nella filosofia, Brescia, Queriniana, 1995, ISBN 978-88-399-0735-6.
^ L. De-Mauri, 5000 Proverbi E Motti Latini, Milano, Hoepli, 2ª ed.: 1995. Meridiane solari (p. 368). ISBN 978-88-203-0992-3.

Voci correlate

Breve et inreparabile tempus omnibus est vitae, o Stat sua cuique dies
Memento mori
Tempus fugit
Tempus edax rerum

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) Omnes feriunt, ultima necat, su YouTube., From birth to grave ("Dalla nascita alla tomba"), videoclip pubblicitario per la Xbox.
Altri esempi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

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