Nikolaj Nikolaevič Semënov

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Nikolaj Nikolaevič Semënov


Deputato del Soviet dell'Unione del Soviet Supremo dell'URSS
Legislatura	VI
Circoscrizione	Oblast' di Kemerovo

Deputato del Soviet delle Nazionalità del Soviet Supremo dell'URSS
Legislatura	VII
Circoscrizione	RSSA Baschira

Dati generali
Partito politico	Partito Comunista dell'Unione Sovietica

Nikolaj Nikolaevič Semënov (in russo Николай Николаевич Семёнов^?; Saratov, 15 aprile 1896 – Mosca, 25 settembre 1986) è stato un chimico e fisico sovietico, premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1956.

Biografia

Professore di chimica fisica al Collegio superiore dal 1928, divenne direttore dell'istituto di chimica fisica dell'Accademia russa delle scienze nel 1944.

Le sue osservazioni sugli equilibri chimici in rapporto alla velocità di reazione delle sostanze gassose hanno contribuito notevolmente alla conoscenza della dissociazione delle molecole dei gas. Ha elaborato e dimostrato sperimentalmente la teoria delle reazioni a catena e la teoria termica delle combustioni e delle esplosioni; di fondamentale importanza sono i suoi studi sulla propagazione delle onde esplosive.

Tra le sue opere si ricordano Problemi di cinetica chimica e reattività, e numerose monografie sulle reazioni a catena. Per i suoi studi di cinetica chimica ha ottenuto in patria nel 1941 il premio Stalin e nel 1956 il premio Nobel per la chimica condiviso con l'inglese Cyril Norman Hinshelwood. Nel 1958 è stato eletto membro della Royal Society di Londra.

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Nikolaj Nikolaevič Semënov

Collegamenti esterni

Semënov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič, su Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
Semënov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič, su sapere.it, De Agostini.
(EN) Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(EN) Nikolaj Nikolaevič Semënov, su nobelprize.org.
(EN) Opere di Nikolaj Nikolaevič Semënov, su Open Library, Internet Archive.

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford (1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner, John Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels, Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin, Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz, John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton, Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Stein (1972) • E. O. Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown, Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger (1980) • Ken'ichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman, Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis, Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer, John Ernest Walker, Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn, John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles, Ryōji Noyori, Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn, Kōichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011) • Brian Kobilka, Robert Lefkowitz (2012) • Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel (2013) • Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell, William Moerner (2014) • Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar (2015) • Jean-Pierre Sauvage, James Fraser Stoddart, Bernard Feringa (2016) • Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson (2017) • Frances Hamilton Arnold, George Pieczenik Smith, Gregory Paul Winter (2018) • John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino (2019) • Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna (2020) • David MacMillan, Benjamin List (2021) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless (2022) • Moungi Bawendi, Aleksej Ekimov, Louis E. Brus (2023) • David Baker, Demis Hassabis, John M. Jumper (2024)

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 110139298 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 1580 2661 · LCCN (EN) n82043675 · GND (DE) 11918799X · J9U (EN, HE) 987007275998905171 · NDL (EN, JA) 00526069

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