Nicola Bertuccio

Nicola Bertuccio, detto anche Nicola di Rolando, o Bertuccio di Rolando; noto anche come Niccolò di nome, e Bertruccio, Bertrutius, Bertucci, Vertuzzo di cognome (... – Bologna, 1347), è stato un anatomista italiano.

Le notizie sulla vita di Bertuccio sono vaghe; probabilmente nacque in Lombardia dal nobile Rolandino, della famiglia Rolandi.

Studiò e poi insegnò a Bologna: fu prima allievo, poi successore, di Mondino de' Liuzzi alla cattedra di Anatomia dell'università di Bologna.[1] Bertuccio riportò i commentari del Pronostica e del De regimine acutorum di Ippocrate, tenuti da Mondino nelle lezioni iniziate nel 1316 e conclusesi il 21 agosto 1317, e probabilmente anche i commenti Super librum Tegni Galieni.[2]

Il metodo autoptico di Bertuccio era quello introdotto da Mondino de' Liuzzi, basato sullo studio analitico degli organi, e consisteva nella valutazione di ciascuno di essi secondo un preciso ordine: positio, complexio, quantitas, numerus, figura, colligatio, actio et utilitas, aegritudines. Le sue ricerche non condussero a scoperte o osservazioni di rilievo, ma contribuì al rifiorire degli studi anatomici.[1]

Tra i suoi scritti, Collectorium totius fere medicinae, stampato a Lione nel 1509, era una raccolta sistematica delle malattie delle varie parti del corpo e del modo di curarle, secondo i passaggi methodus, empirica, canones, prognosticatio: ogni malattia è prima descritta in maniera generale in rapporto ai presunti fattori eziologici, poi si indica il trattamento razionale e quello empirico, poi i principali sintomi e la prognosi; il testo ha un solo capitolo di anatomia con una descrizione del cervello.[1] Altre opere sono Methodi cognoscendorum tam particularium quam universalium morborum stampato nel 1518, Neotericorvm Aliqvot Medicorum in Medicinam practicam introductiones: Iunioribus Medicis ei artificio mancipare sese uolentibus, tum utiles, tum pernecessariæ, stampato a Strasburgo nel 1533, Diaeta seu regimen sanitatis de rebus non naturalibus et advertendis morbis, stampato a Magonza nel 1534.[1]

Tra i suoi discepoli vi fu il celebre chirurgo Guy de Chauliac, che descrisse il metodo seguito da Bertuccio nel condurre gli esami autoptici nella Chirurgia.[1]

Nel 1326 fu testimone del testamento di Mondino de' Liuzzi, con il collega Alberto de' Zancari.[2]

Morì nel 1347, forse per l'arrivo della peste nera e della carestia.[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e f BERTUCCIO, Nicola, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
  2. ^ a b LIUZZI, Mondino de', in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.

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