Mychajlo L'vovyč Bojčuk

Mychajlo L'vovyč Bojčuk

Mychajlo L'vovyč Bojčuk (in ucraino Миха́йло Льво́вич Бойчу́к?; Romanivka, 30 ottobre 1882 – Kiev, 13 luglio 1937) è stato un pittore ucraino, più comunemente noto come monumentalista.[1][2] È considerato un simbolo del rinascimento fucilato.

Biografia

Nato nell'Impero austro-ungarico, studiò pittura con Julian Jakovyč Pan'kevyč a Lemberg e successivamente a Cracovia, dove si laureò all'Accademia di belle arti nel 1905. Studiò inoltre presso le accademie di belle arti di Vienna e Monaco di Baviera. Nel 1905 espose alla Galleria Latour di Lemberg e nel 1907 a Monaco.[3] Tra il 1907 e il 1910 visse a Parigi, dove nel 1909 fondò il proprio studio-scuola. In questo periodo ebbe contatti con Félix Vallotton, Paul Sérusier e Maurice Denis. Nel 1910 tenne una mostra al Salon des Indépendants, presentando le sue opere e quelle dei suoi studenti incentrate sulla rinascita dell'arte bizantina.[3] Nel 1910 tornò a Leopoli, dove lavorò al Museo nazionale, mentre l'anno successivo si recò nell'Impero russo, dove con lo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale restò internato in quanto cittadino austriaco. Dopo la guerra si stabilì a Kiev.[2]

Nel 1917 divenne uno dei fondatori dell'Accademia nazionale di belle arti e architettura di Kiev, dove insegnò affresco e mosaico, e nel 1920 ne divenne rettore.[4] Nel 1925 contribuì a fondare l'Associazione dell'arte rivoluzionaria dell'Ucraina. All'epoca eseguì già numerose opere monumentali di alto profilo e formò una scuola di pittori monumentali che esistette fino alla sua morte. Tra i suoi studenti vi furono suo fratello Tymofij e Ivan Ivanovyč Padalka.[2]

Per via delle grandi purghe, l'associazione dell'arte rivoluzionaria dell'Ucraina fu sciolta e Bojčuk fu giustiziato.[2] Pochi mesi dopo venne giustiziata anche sua moglie Sofija Nalepins'ka-Bojčuk, anche lei artista.

Opere

Molte delle opere di Bojčuk, che riguardavano principalmente affreschi e mosaici, furono distrutte dopo la sua morte. Anche i suoi dipinti, conservati nei musei di Leopoli, furono distrutti dopo la seconda guerra mondiale. Tra i suoi studenti vi furono Vasyl' Teofanovyč Sedljar, Mykola Ivanovyč Kasperovyč, Oksana Trofimovna Pavlenko e Mykola Andrijovyč Rokyc'kyj, i quali contribuirono in maniera rilevante all'arte ucraina e mondiale.[2]

Subito dopo la rivoluzione d'ottobre del 1917, Bojčuk e un gruppo di studenti realizzarono degli affreschi per il Teatro dell'opera e del balletto di Kiev (1919), il Teatro dell'opera di Charkiv (1921), il padiglione della RSS Ucraina presso l'Esposizione dell'agricoltura di Mosca e l'Istituto cooperativo di Kiev (1923). Successivamente adottò lo stile del realismo socialista, realizzando l'ospedale di Odessa (1927-1928) e il Teatro Černovozavodskyj di Charkiv (1933-1935).[2]

Alcune sue opere sono conservate nel Museo nazionale d'Arte dell'Ucraina.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Herbert Marshall, Masters of the Soviet Cinema: Crippled Creative Biographies, Routledge, p. 99, ISBN 978-1-317-92870-6.
  2. ^ a b c d e f (EN) Mykhailo Boychuk, su Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
  3. ^ a b Volodymyr Kubijovyc, Mykhailo Boychuk, in Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1, 1984, p. 260.
  4. ^ (EN) Ukrainian State Academy of Arts, su Encyclopedia of Ukraine. URL consultato il 1º giugno 2022.

Altri progetti

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 121729133 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 1701 8272 · ULAN (EN) 500121071 · LCCN (EN) n85193353 · GND (DE) 135772532
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