Monti Vindhya

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Monti Vindhya
ContinenteAsia
StatiIndia (bandiera) India
Cima più elevataAmarkantak (1 100 m s.l.m.)
Lunghezzacirca 1 000 km
Tipi di roccearenaria e rocce basaltiche

I monti Vindhya sono una catena montuosa delle regioni centrali dell'India che geograficamente separa il subcontinente indiano tra India settentrionale e India meridionale, a nord la pianura Indo-Gangetica, a sud l'Altopiano del Deccan.

Descrizione

La catena dei monti Vindhya si estende per circa 1000 km in direzione ovest-est, dall'estremo est dello stato del Gujarat al sud-est dell'Uttar Pradesh. La maggior parte di esso attraversa il Madhya Pradesh, parallelamente alle montagne Satpura a sud del fiume Narmada. Alcuni considerano ancora le montagne come parte dell'Altopiano del Deccan, altri ne tracciano confini distinti. Il versante meridionale della valle attraversato dal fiume Narmada è molto ripido, mentre le montagne Vindhya degradano più dolcemente verso nord.

L'altopiano di Vindhya si trova a nord della sezione centrale dei monti Vindhya. Le due città più grandi del Madhya Pradesh, Indore e la capitale Bhopal, sono situate lì; verso nord, l'area diventa molto più pianeggiante e si fonde gradualmente con le pianure dello Yamuna o del Gange - qui si trovano città come Gwalior, Morena o Jhansi. Ai piedi dei monti Vindhya, nel nord-est, si trovano le regioni storiche di Bundelkhand e Baghelkhand, con città come Mahoba e Satna.

Geografia

I monti Vindhya, piuttosto ricchi di foreste e di precipitazioni (circa 900-1200 mm/anno) per gli standard dell'India centrale, raggiungono la sua altitudine massima di circa 850 m a sud-ovest di Indore o a nord-est di Mandu; la maggior parte delle città e dei villaggi si trova ad un'altitudine compresa tra i 200 e i 400 metri. I fiumi più grandi della catena del Vindhya (Chambal, Betwa, Ken, ecc.) drenano principalmente a nord e a nord-ovest e alla fine confluiscono nello Yamuna, che a sua volta sfocia nel Gange a Prayagraj; sul lato sud della catena il Narmada raccoglie numerosi piccoli affluenti e a sud-ovest sorge solo il Mahi, che sfocia nel Mar Arabico nello Stato del Gujarat.

Cultura

Le pitture rupestri, le più antiche testimonianze della cultura umana in India, si trovano nell'attuale Madhya Pradesh a Bhimbetka o a nord di Bhanpura. Nella parte settentrionale delle montagne, pianeggiante e fertile, sono stati costruiti gli stupa buddisti di Sanchi, Bharhut e altri, nonché i templi rupestri di Udayagiri o il singolare pilastro di Eliodoro. Nel periodo Gupta, cioè tra il 400 e il 600 d.C. circa, furono costruiti i primi templi indù costruttivi in India; il Medioevo produsse i grandi templi di Gyaraspur, Badoh o Khajuraho. In seguito furono costruiti i castelli e i palazzi di Gwalior, Orchha e Mandu.


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Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 315526615 · LCCN (EN) sh85143401 · GND (DE) 4676472-0 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007539087505171
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