Ministero della guerra dell'Impero austro-ungarico

Ministero della guerra dell'Impero austro-ungarico
Il palazzo del Ministero della guerra a Vienna, sede del ministero dal 1913 al 1918
Nome originale: K.u.k. Kriegsministerium
Istituzione: 21 dicembre 1867
Istituito da: Francesco Giuseppe d'Austria
Primo capo: Franz von John
Soppressione: 1918
Soppresso da: Carlo I d'Austria
Ultimo capo: Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten
Sede: Palazzo del Ministero della Guerra, Ringstraße, Innere Stadt, Vienna, Austria

L'Imperiale e reale ministero della guerra dell'Impero d'Austria-Ungheria (kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsminister vom österreiche-ungherische Kaisertum) fu uno dei ministeri istituiti dall'Impero austro-ungarico.

Esso rimase attivo dalla fondazione della nuova monarchia nel 1867 sino al 1918 quando crollò l'Impero stesso. Assieme al ministero delle finanze, quello militare era una delle istituzioni più importanti dell'Impero ed era suddiviso in due ministeri della difesa, uno per l'Austria ed uno per l'Ungheria incaricati di amministrare singolarmente le esigenze belliche dei due stati.

Storia

Il Ministero della guerra dell'Impero austro-ungarico venne fondato dall'imperatore Francesco Giuseppe nel 1867.

Il ministero della guerra nell'Impero austro-ungarico ebbe origine nel 1867 quando, il 21 dicembre di quello stesso anno venne approvata una legge per la separazione dei poteri di amministrazione bellica tra Austria e Ungheria che pure dovevano far capo ad una medesima politica riconducibile a quella dell'imperatore.

Il ministro della guerra era il diretto referente dell'imperatore e del governo sotto l'aspetto bellico e a lui era concesso di proporre al monarca l'approvazione o il rigetto di dichiarazioni di pace o di guerra.

Il ministro era formalmente tenuto a svolgere la funzione di assistente anche del comandante in capo alle armate dell'esercito austro-ungarico, carica che ufficialmente era detenuta dall'Imperatore ma che perlopiù Francesco Giuseppe (in particolar modo negli anni della vecchiaia) delegò ad alcuni comandanti meritevoli come Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky (11 luglio 1867 - 1881) e Arthur von Bolfras (1881 - 5 gennaio 1917).

Ministri della guerra (1867-1918)

Nome Immagine Inizio incarico Termine incarico
1. Feldmaresciallo luogotenente Franz von John 1867 1868
2. Feldmaresciallo luogotenente Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld 1868 1874
3. Generale di cavalleria Alexander von Koller 1874 1876
4. Feldzeugmeister Arthur Maximilian Bylandt-Rheydt 1876 1888
5. Feldzeugmeister Ferdinand Bauer 1888 1893
6. Feldzeugmeister Rudolf Merkl 1893 1893
7. Generale di cavalleria Edmund von Krieghammer 1893 1902
8. Feldzeugmeister Heinrich von Pitreich 1902 1906
9. Generale di fanteria Franz Schönaich 1906 1911
10. Generale di fanteria Moritz Auffenberg von Komarów 1911 1912
11. Feldmaresciallo Alexander von Krobatin 1912 1917
12. Generale colonnello Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten 1917 1918

Il palazzo del Ministero della guerra

Il ministero aveva sede nel palazzo del Ministero della guerra che sorgeva in un luogo simbolico dell'Innere Stadt di Vienna, quello in cui, nel 1848, era stato linciato l'allora ministro della guerra, conte Theodor Baillet von Latour. La sede del ministero, in precedenza, si trovava presso la corte imperiale e fu solo nel 1909 che si decise di trasferirla altrove. I lavori di costruzione del nuovo edificio vennero affidati all'architetto Ludwig Bauman e si conclusero nel 1913. Il nuovo edificio (per l'appunto nominato palazzo del Ministero della guerra) venne edificato sulla Ringstraße voluta dall'imperatore Francesco Giuseppe d'Austria ove rimase sino al 1918. Di fronte all'edificio si trova ancora oggi, simbolicamente, una statua del feldmaresciallo Radetzky, una delle più gloriose e famose figure militari dell'Impero austriaco.

Bibliografia

  • k.u.k. Kriegsministerium (Hrsg): Seidels kleines Armeeschema. Dislokation und Einteilung des k.u.k Heeres, der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine, der k.k. Landwehr und der k.u. Landwehr. Seidel & Sohn, Wien, Nr. 76, 1914.

Voci correlate

  Portale Austria

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