Milvus migrans

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Nibbio bruno
Nibbio bruno (Milvus migrans)
Stato di conservazione
Rischio minimo[1]
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumDeuterostomia
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
SuperclasseTetrapoda
ClasseAves
SottoclasseNeornithes
OrdineAccipitriformes
FamigliaAccipitridae
SottofamigliaButeoninae
GenereMilvus
SpecieM. migrans
Nomenclatura binomiale
Milvus migrans
Boddaert, 1783
Sinonimi

Milvus lineatus

Areale
Un esemplare di nibbio bruno in volo a Roma, a pochi metri dal fiume Tevere, nella zona di Ponte Galeria (giugno 2024).

Il nibbio bruno (Milvus migrans Boddaert, 1783) è un uccello rapace della famiglia degli Accipitridi[2]. È di gran lunga il rapace più diffuso al mondo.

Descrizione

Il nibbio bruno è grande 55 – 65 cm e ha una apertura alare di 140 – 150 cm. Il suo peso corporeo ammonta a circa 600 - 1.000 grammi.[senza fonte] Il nibbio bruno può arrivare all'età di 20 anni. Ha coda biforcuta usata come timone ma non così incisiva come nel nibbio reale. Il piumaggio è molto scuro e le punte delle ali sono di colore nero, un altro aspetto caratteristico sono le 6 dita.

Distribuzione e habitat

Da marzo a ottobre il nibbio bruno si può incontrare in quasi tutta Europa. Preferisce paesaggi aperti con alberi nelle vicinanze di specchi d'acqua. Sverna in Africa subsahariana. Gli esemplari in Germania vengono stimati a circa 4.000 e in Europa a circa 88.000 coppie. Durante il soggiorno ai tropici si può trovare il nibbio bruno nei paesi e nelle città, mentre nelle Alpi lo si può trovare vicino agli specchi d'acqua e negli avvallamenti.

Biologia

Alimentazione

Si nutre di pesci morti, piccoli uccelli, piccoli mammiferi, anfibi, rettili, insetti, carogne e rifiuti.

Riproduzione

Uova di Milvus migrans

Il tempo di covata è da aprile a giugno. Il nido viene costruito su vecchi alberi in un ambiente alto con rami secchi. Ha un diametro di 50 – 100 cm. Il mucchio per la covata viene ovattato con erba, fogliame, pelliccia e pelo. La femmina depone dalle due alle tre uova. Le uova vengono tenute in caldo soprattutto dalle femmine per 30 - 35 giorni. Ha uova molto grandi e bianche con pigmenti aranciati (importante). I giovani uccelli volano dopo 40 - 45 giorni. È il padre a insegnare al piccolo rapace a volare. I piccoli crescendo si allontanano dai genitori per andare a cercare un esemplare dell'altro sesso e fondare una famiglia.

Conservazione

La popolazione nidificante in Italia è complessivamente stabile e stimata in 1694-2276 individui (BirdLife International 2004, Allavena et al. 2006). Nonostante ciò la popolazione italiana viene classificata come Quasi Minacciata (NT), in quanto esiste la possibilità che rientri nel prossimo futuro nella categoria Vulnerabile secondo il criterio D1 (meno di 1000 individui maturi).

Le minacce principali sono costituite dalle uccisioni illegali e dalla riduzione degli habitat idonei alla nidificazione.

Come tutti i rapaci subisce le conseguenze mortali dell'uso di pesticidi, topicidi, piombo, ed in generale tutti veleni che si accumulano negli animali di cui si nutrono (Vicario com. pers).

Galleria d'immagini

Note

  1. ^ (EN) BirdLife International 2012, Milvus migrans, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 1º maggio 2016.
  2. ^ (EN) F. Gill e D. Donsker (a cura di), Family Accipitridae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 1º maggio 2016.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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