Lingua ge'ez

Ge῾ez †
gheez, ግዕዝ gəʿəz
Parlato inAfrica orientale
PeriodoV secolo a.C. - XIV secolo d.C.
Locutori
Classificaestinta
Altre informazioni
TipoVSO
Tassonomia
FilogenesiLingue afro-asiatiche
 Lingue semitiche meridionali
  Lingue semitiche dell'Etiopia
   Lingue semitiche dell'Etiopia settentrionale
Codici di classificazione
ISO 639-2gez
ISO 639-3gez (EN)
Glottologgeez1241 (EN)
Manuale

La lingua ge῾ez[1] (ግዕዝ, traslitterata gə'əz oppure gheez[1] oppure geez) è una lingua semitica, quasi estinta, parlata nell'Impero d'Etiopia fino al XIV secolo.

Con una certa approssimazione si potrebbe dire che essa è per l'amarico e tigrino (idiomi ufficiali dell'odierna Etiopia ed Eritrea) ciò che il latino rappresenta per l'italiano. Attualmente è ancora usata come lingua liturgica della Chiesa ortodossa etiopica e nella Chiesa Ortodossa Eritrea,[2] e della comunità Beta Israel (o "falascià", cioè etiopi di religione ebraica), nonché dalla Chiesa cattolica etiope.[3][4] Anticamente veniva parlata nella regione dei Tigrè.

Origini

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Alfabeto ge'ez.

Il ge῾ez è classificato come lingua semitico meridionale ed è dunque affine alla lingua del Regno di Saba. Evolve da una precedente lingua proto-semitica etiope anticamente usata nelle iscrizioni reali durante il Regno di Dʿmt (che utilizzavano però i caratteri dell'antico alfabeto musnad). Le prime iscrizioni in alfabeto ge'ez sono datate all'incirca V secolo a.C. La produzione letteraria in Ge'ez, invece, inizia più propriamente con la cristianizzazione dell'area, nel IV secolo, durante il regno di Ezanà di Axum.

Suddivisioni conosciute

  • axumese (o lesan-ghaaz, lesana-gheez) era la lingua del regno etiopico
  • lesan-mutzaph era la lingua scritta (da sinistra verso destra)

Si ricorda anche il dialetto di Kamara presso Goa.

Opere principali in lingua ge'ez

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Letteratura ge'ez.

Note

  1. ^ a b Ge῾ez, in Vocabolario on line, Treccani. URL consultato il 20 gennaio 2017.
  2. ^ Io eritreo cappellano a Milano e Chiesa Ortodossa Etiopica Tewahedo a New Westminster
  3. ^ Comparative grammar of the semitic languages pag.23
  4. ^ The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V: Ethiopia

Bibliografia

  • Thomas Lambdin, Introduction to Classical Ethiopic, Harvard Semitic Studies 24, Missoula (MT), Scholar Press, 1978, ISBN 978-0-89130-263-6
  • Evans De Lacy O'Leary, Comparative grammar of the semitic languages, Routledge, 2000
  • E. A. Wallis Budge, A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, Anthropological Publications, 1970.
  • Marius Chain, Ethiopia (in M. Donahue, The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V, Robert Appleton Company 1909) [1].
  • J. D. Perruchon e Richard Gottheil, The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901-1906 [2].
  • August Dillmann, Chrestomathia Aethiopica, Leipzig, 1866.
  • August Dillmann, Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino, Lipsiae, 1865.
  • Wolf Leslau, Comparative Dictionary of Geez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez-English, English-Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots, Harrassowitz, 1987. ISBN 3-447-02592-1.
  • Antoine Thompson d' Abbadie, Catalogue raisonné de manuscrits éthiopiens L'Imprimerie impériale, 1859, originale alla University of Michigan

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 110 · LCCN (EN) sh85045159 · GND (DE) 4133283-0 · BNF (FR) cb11974951n (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007555672905171 · NDL (EN, JA) 00562058
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