Laser chimico

Un laser chimico è un'apparecchiatura laser che sfrutta l'energia prodotta da una reazione chimica esotermica per ottenere la necessaria inversione di popolazione e la conseguente emissione laser. I laser chimici possono funzionare in modo pulsato o continuo, e possono raggiungere una potenza dell'ordine dei megawatt. Sono adatti per uso industriale in operazioni di taglio e foratura, ma sono stati studiati soprattutto per applicazioni militari.[1]

Esempi di laser chimico sono i laser a fluoruro di idrogeno (HF) e a fluoruro di deuterio (DF), il laser ossigeno-iodio (COIL = chemical oxygen iodine laser) e quello a iodio in fase totalmente gassosa (AGIL = all gas-phase iodine laser). Tutti questi laser emettono radiazione nel vicino infrarosso; i laser chimici HF e DF non emettono una radiazione monocromatica (cioè di un'unica frequenza), ma un intervallo di frequenze.

Storia

La possibilità di creare laser infrarossi sfruttando i prodotti vibrazionalmente eccitati di una reazione chimica fu proposta per la prima volta da John Polanyi nel 1961.[2][3] La prima emissione laser pulsata fu osservata nel laboratorio di George C. Pimentel nel 1964 da atomi di iodio eccitato prodotti dalla fotodissociazione di CF3I.[4] In seguito Pimentel ottenne emissione laser da cloruro di idrogeno (HCl): le molecole di HCl venivano eccitate otticamente provocandone la dissociazione; nella successiva ricombinazione si formavano molecole allo stato eccitato *HCl responsabili dell'emissione laser.[5] Poco dopo furono sviluppati i laser pulsati a fluoruro di idrogeno (HF)[6] e a fluoruro di deuterio (DF).

I primi laser chimici continui furono sviluppati nel 1969[7][8] e poi brevettati nel 1972[9] da ricercatori che lavoravano alla Aerospace Corporation a El Segundo (California). Queste apparecchiature erano basate su HF e mescolavano flussi adiacenti di H2 e F per produrre molecole eccitate *HF entro una cavità ottica.

Note

  1. ^ Maini 2013
  2. ^ Lin et al. 1983
  3. ^ Polanyi 1961
  4. ^ Kasper e Pimentel 1964
  5. ^ Kasper e Pimentel 1965
  6. ^ Kompa e Pimentel 1967
  7. ^ Spencer et al. 1969
  8. ^ Airey e McKay 1969
  9. ^ Spencer et al. 1972

Bibliografia

Controllo di autoritàLCCN (EN) sh85022921 · GND (DE) 4135482-5 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007284922205171
  Portale Chimica: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia

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