Juniperus oxycedrus

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Ginepro rosso
Juniperus oxycedrus
Stato di conservazione
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
SottoregnoTracheobionta
SuperdivisioneSpermatophyta
DivisionePinophyta
ClassePinopsida
OrdinePinales
FamigliaCupressaceae
GenereJuniperus
SpecieJ. oxycedrus
Nomenclatura binomiale
Juniperus oxycedrus
L.
Areale

Il ginepro rosso (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) è una pianta a portamento arbustivo, presente in Italia, appartenente alla famiglia delle Cupressaceae. È una specie caratteristica della macchia mediterranea.

Descrizione

Illustrazione di J. oxycedrus

Ha portamento eretto come il ginepro comune, e può superare gli otto metri d'altezza. Si distingue dal ginepro comune osservando le foglie (aghi), che presentano due righe bianche anziché una; dette righe bianche sono le file di stomi.

Ginepro coccolone

Una sottospecie importante è: Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa[2], il cui nome comune è "ginepro coccolone"; è caratterizzata dai galbuli più grandi e da una maggiore rarità. Anche questa sottospecie ha due righe bianche negli aghi, ma questi sono più corti e la pianta ha un portamento meno verticale.

Distribuzione e habitat

J. oxycedrus è originario del Mediterraneo ed è presente in Marocco e Portogallo, in Francia, in Iran e nel sud del Libano e in Israele. Cresce su terreni rocciosi, dal livello del mare a 1600 m di altitudine.[3][4] L'epiteto oxycedrus significa "cedro affilato" e le sue specie potrebbero derivare dal cedrus degli antichi greci.[5]

Il ginepro coccolone, da parte sua, cresce sulle distese costiere sabbiose delle rive del Mediterraneo[2].

Usi

Coccole

Dal suo fusto si ricava un legno pregiato, scuro e profumato, duro da lavorare. In Italia il taglio è vietato.

Fornisce, inoltre, un catrame vegetale ancor oggi impiegato nelle affezioni locali della pelle, incorporato in pomate.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Conifer Specialist Group 1998, Juniperus oxycedrus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b R. P. Adams, Junipers of the World, Trafford., 2004, ISBN 1-4120-4250-X.
  3. ^ A. Farjon, Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys, Kew., Royal Botanic Gardens, 2005, ISBN 1-84246-068-4.
  4. ^ IUCN, Juniperus oxycedrus: Farjon, A., in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, DOI:10.2305/iucn.uk.2013-1.rlts.t42243a2965838.en. URL consultato il 5 gennaio 2018.
  5. ^ R. Meiggs, Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World, 1982.

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