Hōjō Takatoki

Hōjō Takatoki

Hōjō Takatoki[1] (北条 高時?; 1303 – Kamakura, 23 maggio 1333) è stato un politico giapponese.

Fu l'ultimo reggente (shikken), dal 1316 al 1326, del Kamakura Bakufu, componente del clan Hōjō.

Biografia

Takatoki divenne reggente all'età di otto anni, e il potere fu quindi gestito fino alla sua maggiore età dalla nonna Adachi Tokiaki e dal suo ministro tutore Nagasaki Takasuke; nel 1326, a soli ventitré anni, cadde malato, ed essendo lo shogunato in crisi scelse il governo del chiostro, ufficialmente abdicando in favore di Hōjō Sadaaki e diventando monaco buddhista, ma continuando a mantenere il suo potere e la sua influenza. Il governo dello shogunato chiese all'Imperatore Go-Daigo di fare lo stesso, ma l'Imperatore rifiutò; Takatoki mantenne la sua posizione, generando una pericolosa tensione tra shogunato e corte imperiale. George Sansom definisce questa decisione dello shogunato una «svista fatale» e descrive Takatoki come «a malapena sano di mente. La sua capacità di giudizio era limitata, la sua condotta variabile. Indulgeva negli estremi del lusso e dei piaceri...» e dopo il suo ritiro, condivise il potere con «alcuni deputati immeritevoli»[2].

Nel 1331, quando gli eventi cominciavano a precipitare, Takatoki ebbe una discussione con il suo consigliere Nagasaki sul modo migliore per gestire il complotto di Burei-kō, in cui membri del clan Hino, leali a Go-Daigo, cospiravano contro lo shogunato. Quando la guerra infine scoppiò, i conflitti interni all'amministrazione dello shogunato resero lente le reazioni e inadeguata la gestione delle crisi.

Ashikaga Takauji, uno dei generali dello shogunato, finì per schierarsi con l'imperatore Go-Daigo e contro lo shogunato, sostenendo Nitta Yoshisada nell'espugnare Kamakura e ponendo così fine allo shogunato e al governo degli Hōjō; durante l'assedio, nel 1333, Takatoki si suicidò con la sua famiglia, mentre la città di Kamakura veniva incendiata.

Note

  1. ^ Per i biografati giapponesi nati prima del periodo Meiji si usano le convenzioni classiche dell'onomastica giapponese, secondo cui il cognome precede il nome. "Hōjō" è il cognome.
  2. ^ Sansom, p465.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Louis Frederic, Japan Encyclopedia, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2002.
  • (EN) George Sansom, A History of Japan: 1334-1615, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1961.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 44220029 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 4915 6904 · LCCN (EN) nr99019071 · NDL (EN, JA) 00619140
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