Friedrich Sertürner

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner (Paderborn, 19 giugno 1783Hameln, 20 febbraio 1841) è stato un farmacista tedesco. Isolò la morfina dall'oppio e scoprì così una nuova classe di farmaci, gli alcaloidi.

Biografia

Busto di F. W. A. Sertürner al parco del castello in Schloss Neuhaus
Targa a Sertürner sulla Hochzeitshaus a Hameln

Nato a Neuhaus vicino a Paderborn, fece un apprendistato come farmacista a Neubeck e lavorò poi come aiuto farmacista nella "Ratsapotheke" a Einbeck, dove iniziò alcuni esperimenti su se stesso con i farmaci[1], dedicando particolare interesse all'oppio. Farmacista e "scienziato privato" a Einbeck, nel 1822 comprò la "Ratsapotheke" di Hameln. Nel 1805 trovò nell'oppio un acido libero (acido meconico), riuscendo ad isolarlo e ad analizzarne le proprietà. Poco dopo scoprì la morfina (da Morfeo, dio greco del sonno), "il principio sonnifero" come si chiamava allora.[2]

Nel 1817 pubblicò la sua celebre opera: Über das Morphium, eine neue salzfähige Grundlage und die Mekonsäure, als Hauptbestandteile des Opiums. La base delle sue analisi erano numerosi autoesperimenti (allora, lo strumento scientifico, come oggi, era la prova a doppio cieco). Egli notò accanto agli effetti positivi anche gli effetti collaterali pericolosi della morfina allo stato "impuro" (con acido meconico).[3] Nel 1831 ricevette il Premio dell'Accademia Parigina per aver scoperto una nuova classe di farmaci: gli alcaloidi. Nel 1841 morì di un'infezione febbrile a Hameln, venendo sepolto nella cappella di San Bartolomeo a Einbeck.

Famiglia

Nel 1821 sposò Eleonore von Rettberg, la figlia dell'Oberstleutnant Leopold Christoph von Rettberg, con la quale concepì quattro figlie e tre figli. La figlia Ida sposò nel 1852 Wilhelm Best (1799–1886).[4], figlio del generale Carl Conrad Best. Il figlio Carl Franz (1821–1904) divenne Obergerichtsrat di Hannover e Viktor (1834–1887) farmacista. Friedrich Sertürner fu dal 1807 massone della loggia Georg zu den drei Säulen.

Note

  1. ^ Silvia Bencivelli,Eroica, folle e visionaria - Storie di medicina spericolata, pag. 126 Friedrich Serturner, Bollati Boringhieri [1], 2023, ISBN 978-8833941745
  2. ^ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Sertürner, Friedrich Wilhelm Adam. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin/ New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4, S. 1322.
  3. ^ N. N.: Analyse de l'Opium. Traduit de Gilbert's Annalen der Physik; neue Folge, vol. XXV, p. 56, par M. Rose, pharmacien à Berlin. Annales de chimie et de physique 50 (1817), 21–42.
  4. ^ (DE) Wilhelm Best, su garnisonkirche-hameln.de (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 ottobre 2014).

Bibliografia

  • (DE) Christoph Friedrich, Sertürner, Friedrich Wilhelm, in Neue Deutsche Biographie, vol. 24, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0, pp. 271 -273 (online).
  • Klaus Meyer: Dem Morphin auf der Spur, Pharmazeutische Zeitung, Nr. 16/2004.
  • N. Risch: Schmerzen – Fluch und Segen. Forschungsforum Paderborn, Ausgabe 6-2003, S. 56–61.
  • Ch. Friedrich: Zum 150. Todestag des Entdeckers des Morphins, Friedrich W. Sertürner, Pharmazeutische Zeitung, Band 136, 1991, S. 1935–1941.
  • M. Seefelder: Opium, eine Kulturgeschichte, dtv-Sachbuch, Frankfurt 1990.
  • Klaus Meyer, R.-D. Müller, H. Säuberlich: F. W. Sertürner, Entdecker des Morphiums, Katalog der Ausstellung zum 200. Geburtstag, Paderborn 1983.
  • G. Kerstein: Über den Zeitpunkt der Entdeckung des Morphiums durch Sertürner, Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung/Süddeutsche Apotheker Zeitung, Band 94, 1954, S. 968.
  • Franz Krömeke (Hrsg.): Friedrich Wilhelm Sertürner, der Entdecker des Morphiums. Lebensbild und Neudruck der Original-Morphiumarbeiten. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 1984. ISBN 3-540-12357-1. (zuerst Jena 1925)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Sertürner, Friedrich Wilhelm, su Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Modifica su Wikidata
  • Sertürner, Friedrich Wilhelm, Adam, su sapere.it, De Agostini. Modifica su Wikidata
  • VS-C Vernetztes Studium: Chemie [collegamento interrotto], su vs-c.de.
  • Einbeck online, su einbeck-online.de (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 febbraio 2005).
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN139149294295980521469 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 5533 6119 · CERL cnp00954933 · LCCN (ENn2003020109 · GND (DE118613421 · BNF (FRcb17042003g (data)

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