Fédération nationale des syndicats

Fédération nationale des syndicats
StatoFrancia (bandiera) Francia
Fondazione11 ottobre 1886
Dissoluzione1895
SedeParigi
AbbreviazioneFNS

La Fédération nationale des syndicats (FNS) è stata una organizzazione sindacale francese fondata a Lione nel 1886 a seguito della promulgazione della legge sulla creazione dei sindacati professionali voluta dal ministro Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau. Nel 1895 ha dato origine alla Confédération générale du travail.

Storia

Nel 1884, su impulso del ministro dell'Interno Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, il governo francese varò una legge che concedeva ai sindacati una più ampia libertà di organizzazione, purché i nomi dei dirigenti venissero registrati presso gli uffici di polizia. Scopo della normativa era quello di indirizzare il Movimento operaio verso una politica moderata, sottraendolo all'influenza degli anarchici e dei socialisti rivoluzionari. Fu così possibile costituire la prima organizzazione nazionale legale, denominata Fédération nationale des syndicats, fondata in un congresso tenutosi a Lione nel 1886. Inizialmente la nuova organizzazione era egemonizzata dalle posizioni socialiste moderate di Guesde.[1] Dato che esistevano poche organizzazioni nazionali di categoria la FNS era costituita "necessariamente da sindacati locali rappresentanti singole categorie e da raggruppamenti locali molto liberi. Per ragioni di economia spesso un unico delegato rappresentava nei congressi una serie di sindacati".[2]

Nel Congresso di Lione (1886) la FNS si oppose alle norme che imponevano la registrazione dei funzionari, si dichiarò a favore della proprietà pubblica dei mezzi di produzione e diede il suo appoggio al programma guesdista. Tuttavia già in questa sede di discusse dello Sciopero generale, propugnato dai sindacalisti rivoluzionari.[3]

mentre nel 1892 veniva fondata la Fédération des Bourses du travail su posizioni nettamente rivoluzionarie[3], esponenti anarchici, blanquisti e sostenitori di Jean Allemane assumevano progressivamente sempre maggior peso all'interno della FNS, fino a scalzare completamente i guesdisti.[4] Le ipotesi di unificazione tra le due centrali sindacali rimasero per il momento senza esito mentre la FNS, nel congresso di Limoges (1895) assunse il nome di Confédération générale du travail e adottò una struttura duplice basata sia su federazioni nazionali sia su federazioni locali. Questo tipo di strutturazione era funzionale a convincere le Borse del lavoro a confluire nella nuova organizzazione.[5] L'unificazione tra le due federazioni nazionali si realizzò effettivamente solo nel 1902, quando ormai la strategia delle due organizzazioni era improntata agli stessi principi sindacalisti rivoluzionari.[6]

Note

  1. ^ Cole, p 389, Cole nella pagina citata anticipa la fondazione al 1884.
  2. ^ Cole, p 389.
  3. ^ a b Cole, p 390-391.
  4. ^ Cole, p 401-402.
  5. ^ Woodcock, p 280., Cole, p 402.
  6. ^ Woodcock, p 281, Cole, pp 410-411.

Bibliografia

  • G.D.H. Cole, Storia del pensiero socialista, III, 1 La Seconda Internazionale 1889-1914, Bari, Laterza, 1979.
  • George Woodcock, L'Anarchia. Storia delle idee e dei movimenti libertari, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1973.
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