Ensifera ensifera

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il sottordine di insetti Ortotteri, vedi Ensifera.
Come leggere il tassoboxProgetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox
Come leggere il tassobox
Colibrì becco a spada
Ensifera ensifera
Stato di conservazione
Rischio minimo[1]
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumDeuterostomia
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
InfraphylumGnathostomata
SuperclasseTetrapoda
ClasseAves
OrdineApodiformes
FamigliaTrochilidae
SottofamigliaTrochilinae
GenereEnsifera
Lesson, 1843
SpecieE. ensifera
Nomenclatura binomiale
Ensifera ensifera
Boissonneau, 1839
Nomi comuni

Colibrì spadaccino

Areale

Il colibrì becco a spada o colibrì spadaccino (Ensifera ensifera Boissonneau, 1839) è un uccello della famiglia dei Trochilidae, unica specie del genere Ensifera.[2]

Descrizione

Esemplare di colibrì becco a spada posato.

È l'unico uccello al mondo che possiede un becco più lungo del corpo (esclusa la coda). Infatti la "spada" è lunga fino a 12 centimetri, mentre il corpo misura solo tra i 6 e i 12 centimetri, per una lunghezza complessiva di 17-23 centimetri. Il peso si aggira sui 12 o 15 grammi.

Il piumaggio è verde scuro, con il capo tendente al bruno e la gola al blu, la coda quasi nera e le ali di color verde acqua o leggermente più scure. La femmina si differenzia nel colore delle ali, quasi brune, nel capo marrone, nella zona subito oltre l'attaccatura delle ali che è verdino-giallastra e nelle macchie bianche sulle parti inferiori del corpo. Entrambi hanno una piccola macchia bianca dietro l'occhio.

Le ali sono lunghe e appuntite; la coda è profondamente forcuta; il becco sottile e nero con riflessi bluastri.

Distribuzione e habitat

Vive nel Sud America nord-occidentale e occidentale, lungo la Cordigliera delle Ande, dal Venezuela, passando per Colombia, Ecuador, Perù, fino alla Bolivia.[1]

Frequenta le foreste montane umide e semiumide tra i 1700 e i 3500 metri di altezza, fino alla soglia dei ghiacci, nella zona arbustiva chiamata páramo. Lo si incontra talvolta ai margini della foresta tropicale e lungo le vallate andine.

Biologia

È un uccello stanziale, talmente legato al proprio territorio da visitare regolarmente le stesse piante, invece di difenderle come altre specie. Ricorda perfettamente la posizione delle piante e segue un percorso abituale, in questo modo si nutre e allo stesso tempo permette al nettare di riformarsi. Quando riposa tende a tenere il lungo becco in posizione verticale per diminuire le tensioni sul collo. Possiede un senso dell'udito molto sviluppato.

Alimentazione

Si nutre quasi esclusivamente di nettare che ricava da piante del genere Datura, Fuchsia, Passiflora e Tacsonia, tutti fiori con corolle pendenti. Infatti succhia il nettare stando in posizione quasi verticale e infilando il becco nella corolla. Mangia anche insetti che cattura in volo con il becco aperto.

Riproduzione

Il periodo riproduttivo comincia in primavera. La femmina costruisce un nido a forma di coppa sugli alberi o sugli arbusti, tra le radici delle epifite, con l'aiuto del maschio. La femmina depone in media due uova che difende ferocemente insieme al maschio, lanciandosi in picchiata su ogni intruso, compreso l'uomo.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) BirdLife International 2008, Ensifera ensifera, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) F. Gill e D. Donsker (a cura di), Family Trochilidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 7 maggio 2014.

Bibliografia

  • AA. VV. (2005), Grande enciclopedia per ragazzi, Animali, Vol. 2 Uccelli e Mammiferi, Pag. 97, Edizione Speciale per la Repubblica su licenza Mondadori.ISBN non esistente

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Ensifera ensifera, in Avibase - il database degli uccelli nel mondo, Bird Studies Canada.
  Portale Uccelli: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di uccelli

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