Dimetildicarbonato

Dimetildicarbonato
Nome IUPAC
metossicarbonil metil carbonato
Abbreviazioni
DMDC
Nomi alternativi
dimetil pirocarbonato
E242
Velcorin
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC4H6O5
Massa molecolare (u)134,09
Aspettoliquido incolore
Numero CAS4525-33-1
Numero EINECS224-859-8
PubChem3086
SMILES
COC(=O)OC(=O)OC
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Densità (g/cm3, in c.s.)1,25
Solubilità in acquaca. 35 g/L a 20 °C (decomposizione)
Temperatura di fusione16-18 °C (289,15-291,15 K)
Temperatura di ebollizione172 °C (445,15 K)
Viscosità dinamica (mPa·s a 293,15 (20 °C) °C)2100
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
tossicità acuta corrosivo
pericolo
Frasi H302+312 - 314 - 330
Consigli P260 - 280 - 284 - 305+351+338 - 310 [1]

Il dimetildicarbonato (DMDC) è un composto organico. A temperatura ambiente si presenta come un liquido incolore con un odore pungente.

Viene utilizzato principalmente come conservante per bevande, coadiuvante tecnologico o sterilizzante e agisce inibendo gli enzimi acetato chinasi e la glutammato decarbossilasi.[2] È stato anche proposto che il DMDC inibisca gli enzimi alcol deidrogenasi e gliceraldeide 3-fosfato deidrogenasi causando la metossicarbonilazione dei loro componenti di istidina.[3]

Uso nel vino

Nel vino, è spesso usato per sostituire il sorbato di potassio, in quanto inattiva i lieviti in esso presenti, come i Brettanomyces. Una volta che è stato aggiunto alle bevande, l'efficacia della sostanza chimica è fornita dalle seguenti reazioni:

DMDC + acqua → metanolo + anidride carbonica
DMDC + etanolo → etilmetil carbonato
DMDC + ammoniaca → metil carbammato
DMDC + amminoacido → carbossimetil derivati

L'applicazione del DMDC è particolarmente utile quando il vino deve essere sterilizzato ma non può essere filtrato, pastorizzato o solforato in condizioni sterili. Il DMDC viene anche utilizzato per stabilizzare bevande analcoliche come bevande gassate o non gassate, bevande sportive isotoniche, tè ghiacciati e acque aromatizzate.

Il DMDC viene aggiunto prima del riempimento della bevanda. Si scompone quindi in piccole quantità di metanolo e anidride carbonica, che sono entrambi componenti naturali dei succhi di frutta e verdura.

Il Scientific Committee on Food dell'UE, la FDA negli Stati Uniti e il JECFA dell'OMS hanno confermato il suo uso nelle bevande. La FDA ha approvato il suo uso nei vini nel 1988, fissando il livello massimo consentito a 200 mg/L, e solo se sono presenti meno di 500 cellule di lievito/ml al momento del dosaggio.[4] È anche approvato nell'UE, dove è elencato sotto il numero E E242,[5] così come in Australia e Nuova Zelanda.[6] Il dimetil dicarbonato è commercializzato da Lanxess con il marchio Velcorin. In totale, il Velcorin è approvato in più di 100 Paesi diversi.

Note

  1. ^ Sigma Aldrich; rev. del 15.02.2013
  2. ^ [1][collegamento interrotto]
  3. ^ DMDC's role in bottle stability - dimethyl dicarbonate Archiviato il 24 settembre 2015 in Internet Archive., Wines & Vines, Oct 1990
  4. ^ US Food and Drug Administration: Listing of Food Additives Status Part I, su fda.gov. URL consultato il 27 ottobre 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 marzo 2013).
  5. ^ UK Food Standards Agency: Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers, su food.gov.uk. URL consultato il 27 ottobre 2011.
  6. ^ Food Standards Australia and New Zealand, Application A1015 - Classification of Dimethyl Dicarbonate - Approval Report -15 December 2010 Application A1025 - Classification of Dimethyl Dicarbonate, su foodstandards.gov.au. URL consultato il 15 dicembre 2010 (archiviato dall'url originale il 18 aprile 2019).

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