Difesa Damiano

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Difesa Damiano
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8
a8 torre del nero
b8 cavallo del nero
c8 alfiere del nero
d8 donna del nero
e8 re del nero
f8 alfiere del nero
g8 cavallo del nero
h8 torre del nero
a7 pedone del nero
b7 pedone del nero
c7 pedone del nero
d7 pedone del nero
g7 pedone del nero
h7 pedone del nero
f6 pedone del nero
e5 pedone del nero
e4 pedone del bianco
f3 cavallo del bianco
a2 pedone del bianco
b2 pedone del bianco
c2 pedone del bianco
d2 pedone del bianco
f2 pedone del bianco
g2 pedone del bianco
h2 pedone del bianco
a1 torre del bianco
b1 cavallo del bianco
c1 alfiere del bianco
d1 donna del bianco
e1 re del bianco
f1 alfiere del bianco
h1 torre del bianco
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Mosse1.e4 e5
2.Cf3 f6
Codice ECOC40
Origine del nomePedro Damiano
Evoluzione diApertura di gioco aperto
Manuale

La difesa Damiano è un'apertura degli scacchi caratterizzata dalle mosse:

1. e4 e5
2. Cf3 f6?

L'apertura prende il nome dal giocatore e studioso portoghese del XVI secolo, Pedro Damiano, il quale trattò quest'apertura nel suo trattato scacchistico, individuandone subito le debolezze, per la verità, e sconsigliandone l'impiego. La successiva denominazione di tale apertura – ad opera di altri – col nome dello scacchista, insomma, pare dunque una bizzarra ironia della sorte.

Analisi

Questa apertura, considerata pessima dalla teoria, mira a difendere il pedone e5 in maniera passiva e indebolisce la posizione del Nero occupando la casa naturale di sviluppo del cavallo, scoprendo il re e chiudendo, per giunta, la diagonale alla donna. I maggiori punti per la vulnerabilità della posizione del Bianco sono:

  1. - La mossa f6 lascia il Re del Nero esposto e vulnerabile, soprattutto lungo la diagonale e8-h5. Questo indebolisce il lato re, un'area critica dove il Re spesso cerca sicurezza con l'arrocco.
  2. - Giocando f6, il Nero impedisce il naturale sviluppo del suo Cavallo in f6, una casa importante per l'attività del Cavallo in apertura. Ciò ostacola la capacità del Nero di controllare il centro e sviluppare efficacemente altri pezzi.
  3. - Esiste la possibilità di applicare la trappola di Damiano, con cui il Bianco sacrifica il proprio Cavallo alla terza mossa, ponendolo già in una posizione vincente. Questa trappola mette in risalto i rischi che il Nero deve affrontare nell'adottare questa difesa.
abcdefgh
8
a8 torre del nero
b8 cavallo del nero
c8 alfiere del nero
d8 donna del nero
e8 re del nero
f8 alfiere del nero
g8 cavallo del nero
h8 torre del nero
a7 pedone del nero
b7 pedone del nero
c7 pedone del nero
d7 pedone del nero
g7 pedone del nero
h7 pedone del nero
e5 pedone del nero
h5 donna del bianco
e4 pedone del bianco
a2 pedone del bianco
b2 pedone del bianco
c2 pedone del bianco
d2 pedone del bianco
f2 pedone del bianco
g2 pedone del bianco
h2 pedone del bianco
a1 torre del bianco
b1 cavallo del bianco
c1 alfiere del bianco
e1 re del bianco
f1 alfiere del bianco
h1 torre del bianco
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Posizione dopo 3.Cxe5 fxe5 4.Dh5+

Non è mai giocata ad alti livelli, neppure come sorpresa per l'avversario. Infatti dopo 3.Cxe5 il Nero si trova davanti a grossi problemi, specie se risponde con fxe5 – mossa che può portare a uno scacco matto molto veloce: 1. e4 e5 2. Cf3 f6 3. Cxe5 fxe5 4. Dh5+ Re7 5. Dxe5+ Rf7 6. Ac4+ Rg6 7. Df5+ Rh6 8. d3+ g5 9. h4 d5 10. Axg5+ Rg7 11. De5+ Rg6 12. h5+ Rf7 13. Axd5+ Ae6 14. Dxe6+ Rg7 15. Df7#.

La debolezza di questa apertura, pure laddove il Nero non catturi il cavallo, fa sì che sia poco giocata anche a livelli modesti.

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE) 4812177-0
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