Cronache del 754

Pergamena conservata nella biblioteca dell'Università di Valladolid, illustrante I quattro cavalieri dell'apocalisse può suggerire che fossero vestiti in abiti mediorientali.

Le Cronache del 754 (note anche come Cronache mozarabiche o Continuatio Hispana) sono una raccolta storica, in 95 sezioni, in lingua latina,[1] scritta nel 754 in una zona della Spagna sotto il domino arabo.[2] Le Cronache contengono il primo riferimento in latino agli "Europei" (europenses)[3], di cui si dice che abbiano sconfitto i Saraceni nella battaglia di Tours del 732.[4][5]

Autore

Il compilatore fu un cronista anonimo mozarabico (cristiano), che visse sotto il dominio arabo in una parte imprecisata della penisola iberica. Dal XVI secolo venne attribuito a un vescovo altrimenti sconosciuto, tale Isidoro Pacensis, ma questa attribuzione è ora ampiamente accettata come il risultato di errori. Henry Wace[6] ha spiegato l'origine e la storia fantasma di "Isidoro Pacensis", un vescovo altrimenti non documentato di Pax Julia (moderna Beja, in Portogallo).[7]

Ci sono anche alcune discordie sul luogo in cui venne scritta la Cronaca. Tailhan[8] indicò Cordova come città d'origine. Mommsen fu il primo ad indicare Toledo. Un recente studio di Lopez Pereira[9] rigetta entrambe le tesi indicando una sconosciuta piccola città del sud-est della Spagna.

L'opera

Le Cronache del 754 vanno dall'anno 610[10] al 754, per il cui periodo ci sono poche fonti contemporanee a documentazione; alcuni le considerano una delle migliori fonti della storia post-visigota e per la storia delle conquista araba della Spagna e del sud della Francia; essa costituisce la base di Roger Collins, The Arab Conquest of Spain, 711-797 (Blackwell, 1989), la prima opera di storia moderna sull'argomento.[11]

La Cronaca è la continuazione di una storia precedente. Sopravvive in tre manoscritti, di cui il più antico, del IX secolo, è diviso tra la British Library e la Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia di Madrid. Gli altri manoscritti sono del XIII e XIV secolo.[12]

La Cronaca venne pubblicata, per la prima volta nella sua interezza, a Pamplona nel 1615; venne stampata da Jacques Paul Migne Patr. Lat., vol. 96, p. 1253 sqq. in una edizione critica moderna e tradotta in lingua spagnola da José Eduardo Lopez Pereira.[13] Una traduzione in lingua inglese, di by Kenneth Baxter Wolf, si trova nel suo volume Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain (Liverpool, 1990).

Note

  1. ^ In alcuni manoscritti le sezioni sono suddivise in 13 capitoli e un'appendice. Vedi l'edizione di Lopez Pereira 2009.
  2. ^ Secondo Christys p. 2 fu l'ultima cronaca scritta in latino sotto al-Andalus.
  3. ^ Alessandro Barbero, La battaglia di Poitiers e l'invenzione degli Europei (in Inglese), su theglobaldispatches.com.
  4. ^ Kwame Anthony Appiah (2012), "Misunderstanding cultures: Islam and the West", Philosophy and Social Criticism 38(4–5) 425–33.
  5. ^ Evert Van De Poll (2013), Europe and the Gospel: Past Influences, Current Developments, Mission Challenges (Versita), p. 55.
  6. ^ In Smith & Wace 1880.
  7. ^ "Isidorus Pacensis" appare per errore come vescovo di Badajos in Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) vol. II, s.v. Isidorus, p. 627. Beja non ha alcun ruolo nelle Cronache, come ci si poteva aspettare in un'opera pubblicata in quella città, come sottolineò Reinhart Dozy. Né Badajoz, perché non esisteva al tempo della scrittura della cronaca; il vescovo Prudencio Sandoval di Pamplona, fu il primo a pubblicare la Cronaca nella sua interezza nel 1615, evidentemente pensando che Pax Julia fosse Badajoz, poiché si riferisce a "Isidoro, vescovo di Badajoz" nel titolo dell'opera, vedi Mommsen p. 333.
  8. ^ Tailhan sembra sia stato il primo a rigettare "Isidorus Pacensis" come autore, ma credeva che le Cronache fossero un romanzo epico in rima come la Chanson de Roland.
  9. ^ p. 58-59.
  10. ^ Si aprono con l'accesso di Eraclio I a est dando uno spaccato della storia bizantina e della conquista araba della Siria.
  11. ^ H.V. Livermore la smontò dichiarandola smaccatamente mitologica, in The Origins of Spain and Portugal (London: Allen & Unwin, 1971); Collins, al contrario, aveva evitato i racconti arabi successivi e mitizzati, per i quali è stato criticato.
  12. ^ C.C. de Hartmann , "The textual transmission of the Mozarabic Chronicle of 754" Early Medieval Europe 8.1, (March 1999:13-29). A due dei manoscritti, sebbene non rechino il nome dell'autore, gli studiosi del XVII secolo indicarono come autore "Isidoro Pacensis" (Wace 1880).
  13. ^ All'inizio come Cronica mozarabe de 754 (Zaragoza, 1980); fu seguita da una nuova edizione in lingua latina, corredata da numerosi saggi, nel 2009 (vedere bibliografia)

Bibliografia

  • Ann Christys, Christians in Al-Andalus, 711–1000 (Routledge, 2002).
  • Reinhart Dozy, Recherches sur l'histoire et la littérature d'Espagne, 2nd ed. 1860.
  • J. Eduardo Lopez Pereira, Continuatio Isidoriana Hispana Cronica Mozarabe de 754. Fuentes y Estudios de Historia Leonesa 127. León, 2009.
  • T. Mommsen, Continuatio Hispana anno DCCLIV. Monumenta Germaniae Historica auctores antiquissimi XI, Chronica minora saec. IV, V, VI, VII, vol. 2,. Berlin, 1894. Online.
  • William Smith and Henry Wace, A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines (1880: vol. III, s.v. "Isidorus Pacensis" pp 313f).
  • J. Tailhan, Anonyme de Cordoue. Chronique rimée des derniers rois d'Espagne. Paris, 1885.
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN177444493 · LCCN (ENn86136520 · BNE (ESXX5184823 (data) · BNF (FRcb15594949c (data)

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