Cottidae

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Cottidi
Pseudoblennius zonostigma
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
RamoBilateria
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
SuperclasseGnathostomata
ClasseActinopterygii
InfraclasseTeleostei
OrdineScorpaeniformes
SottordineCottoidei
SuperfamigliaCottoidea
FamigliaCottidae

I Cottidae sono una famiglia di pesci ossei d'acqua marina, dolce e salmastra appartenenti all'ordine Scorpaeniformes.

Distribuzione e habitat

Sono diffusi nei mari e negli oceani dell'emisfero boreale, soprattutto in quelli freddi e anche artici[1]. Sono particolarmente comuni nell'Oceano Pacifico; alcune specie sono presenti nei mari della Nuova Zelanda. Nelle acque dell'Oceano Atlantico orientale europeo e nel mare del Nord sono presenti diverse specie mentre nel mar Mediterraneo è presente ma rarissimo solo Taurulus bubalis. Un certo numero di specie popola le acque dolci fredde come Cottus gobio e Cottus scaturigo, presenti anche in Italia[2][3] e numerose altre presenti in Europa come Cottus poecilopus e Cottus petiti. Hanno abitudini bentoniche[1]. Alcune specie sono abissali[1].

Descrizione

L'aspetto di molti Cottidae è superficialmente molto simile a quello dei Gobiidae, con cui sono frequentemente confusi ma dai quali sono filogeneticamente piuttosto lontani. Questa somiglianza è dovuta soprattutto agli occhi piuttosto grandi, vicini fra loro e sporgenti sul profilo dorsale del capo. La pelle è priva di scaglie ma spesso presenta tubercoli ossei o rugosità di vario tipo. La linea laterale è presente sui fianchi (mentre nei Gobiidae è limitata alla testa). La testa è grande relativamente alle dimensioni del corpo e molto spesso schiacciata dorso-ventralmente, il che da ad alcune specie un aspetto da girino. La pinna dorsale può essere unica, in tal caso presenta una forte incisione centrale, o doppia. La pinna anale è priva di raggi spinosi. La pinna caudale è arrotondata o tronca, mai biloba. Le pinne pettorali sono ampie e con i raggi ventrali robusti; le pinne ventrali portano un raggio spinoso breve. La vescica natatoria manca almeno allo stadio adulto. La colorazione spesso è molto mimetica[1][3].

Sono generalmente di piccole dimensioni[1] ma la specie Scorpaenichthys marmoratus raggiunge i 78 cm[3].

Biologia

Riproduzione

Spesso è presente dimorfismo sessuale. Le uova sono deposte sul fondo e vengono protette dal padre. Le larve sono pelagiche[1].

Pesca

Non hanno nessuna importanza per la pesca[1]. Cottus gobio veniva un tempo pescato per uso alimentare e per essere usato come esca per trote e salmoni[4].

Generi e specie

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Specie di Cottidae.

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Enrico Tortonese, Osteichthyes, Bologna, Calderini, 1975.
  2. ^ (EN) Lista delle specie presenti in Italia da Fishbase
  3. ^ a b c (EN) Scheda da Fishbase
  4. ^ Fortini N., Atlante dei pesci delle acque interne italiane, Aracne, 2011, ISBN 978-88-548-4129-1.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE) 7685452-8 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007567965105171
  Portale Pesci: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di pesci

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