Confine tra Laos e Thailandia

Confine tra Laos e Thailandia
Localizzazione della Thailandia (in arancione) e del Laos (in verde)
Dati generali
StatiLaos (bandiera) Laos
Thailandia (bandiera) Thailandia
Lunghezza1754 km
Dati storici
Istituito nel1893
Manuale

Il confine tra il Laos e la Thailandia è formato per la gran parte della sua lunghezza dal Mekong, con la Thailandia sulla riva destra del fiume (a ovest) e il Laos sulla sua riva sinistra (orientale), a eccezione di due province laotiane sulla riva destra: nel nord-ovest, la provincia di Sayaboury, e nell'estremo sud, parte della provincia di Champasak.

Nella provincia di Sayaboury, il confine segue lo spartiacque tra il bacino del Nan (affluente del Chao Phraya) e quello del Mekong. Nella provincia di Champasak, segue il limite meridionale del bacino del Mun (affluente del Mekong) fino al confine cambogiano[1].

Tutte le isole del Mekong fanno parte del territorio laotiano.

Esistono quattro ponti transfrontalieri:

Mappa dello spartiacque Chao Phraya. Nella provincia di Sayaboury, il confine segue lo spartiacque tra il bacino di Nan e il bacino del Mekong.

Storia

La linea di confine fu fissata congiuntamente da Francia e Siam nel 1907. La Francia, in una posizione di forza in un momento in cui gli imperi coloniali di Francia e Gran Bretagna si stavano espandendo nel sud-est asiatico, ottenne la cessione di due porzioni di territorio poste sulla riva destra del Mekong, a beneficio del Laos che era un suo protettorato[3].

Dopo l'indipendenza, diversi disaccordi (in particolare relativi all'uso di concessioni forestali) furono all'origine di tensioni e violenti incidenti durante gli anni '80, il più grave dei quali fu la "guerra delle colline" nella provincia di Sainyabuli, tra dicembre 1987 e il cessate il fuoco del 19 febbraio 1988, che apparentemente provocarono quasi mille morti da entrambe le parti. Da allora, i due stati si sono avvicinati e il confine non è più oggetto di controversie[3].

Note

  1. ^ Ronald Bruce St. John, The Land Boundaries of Indochina: Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, pp. 38-39.
  2. ^ (EN) New Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge across the Mekong, su New Mandala, 21 agosto 2013. URL consultato il 17 settembre 2020.
  3. ^ a b Lao border talks progressing, su web.archive.org, 5 ottobre 2012. URL consultato il 17 settembre 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 ottobre 2012).

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