Cipsela

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Fiore delle Asteraceae.
Cìpsele di Taraxacum officinale.

In botanica, una cìpsela è un frutto secco indeiscente formato da un achenio nella parte basale e da un pappo nella parte apicale; la dispersione dei semi avviene grazie all'azione del vento (disseminazione anemocora). È tipico della famiglia botanica delle Asteracee, anche se è presente pure in altre famiglie, per esempio le Valerianacee.

Nella cìpsela di alcune specie di Asteraceae è presente uno strato di fitomelanina, una sostanza organica acellulare, che non ha una propria struttura, ma si adatta alla morfologia degli spazi intercellulari tra l'ipoderma e lo sclerenchima del frutto, conferendogli un'eccezionale resistenza alla decomposizione batterica, così come all'attacco da parte degli insetti, in particolare dalle larve delle falene dei girasoli (Homoesoma spp.)[1].

Tale formazione è presente in particolare nelle specie appartenenti al Phytomelanic cipsela clade, un raggruppamento che comprende le tribù Coreopsideae, Bahieae, Chaenactideae, Tageteae, Neurolaeneae, Polymnieae, Heliantheae, Millerieae, Madieae, Perityleae ed Eupatorieae.[2]

Note

  1. ^ Pandey A.K. & Dhakal M.R, Phytomelanin in Compositae (PDF), in Current Science 2001; 80(8): 933-940.
  2. ^ (EN) Panero J.L., Phytomelanic Cypsela Clade, su The Tree of Life Web Project. URL consultato il 28 aprile 2011.

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