Ceramica di Gnathia

Gruppo del ramoscello di alloro, cratere a campana. Londra, British Museum F547.
Oinochoe, da Nola. Parigi, Museo del Louvre K596.

La ceramica di Gnathia o ceramica di Egnazia è una sottoclasse della ceramica apula, che si sviluppa dalla decorazione secondaria dello stile ornato[1] ed è datata dal 375-370 a.C. alla fine del III secolo a.C. Numerosi esemplari decorati in questa tecnica policroma rinvennero con gli scavi condotti a Egnazia nel 1848 così che il nome dell'antica città rimase a designare la classe ceramica e la tecnica che la caratterizza;[2] benché non si conosca esattamente il centro di produzione originario si ritiene che potesse essere Taras; numerosi esemplari sono stati prodotti e trovati Paestum e in Campania; ne esiste una varietà siceliota (come quella di Lipari), che si distingue per l'uso del blu, datata all'ultimo quarto del IV secolo a.C. e al primo quarto del III.[1]

Lo stile

La superficie dei vasi è ricoperta con una vernice nera sulla quale scene figurate e ornamentali sono dipinte in bianco, spesso con tocchi di giallo e di rosso paonazzo. Questi ultimi colori, applicati al nero già esistente sono fissati da una seconda cottura del vaso.

All'inizio della produzione potevano essere presenti incisioni.[1] Di epoca più recente sono gli esemplari sui quali, ad imitazione dei vasi metallici, venivano praticate baccellature verticali, o quelli privi di decorazione figurata e decorati unicamente con ornamenti fitomorfi, talvolta dipinti su fasce a vernice nera che interrompono la baccellatura verticale.[2] Le forme tipiche sono le stesse presenti nella ceramica apula a figure rosse, ma tendono ad una maggiore eleganza.[1]

Tra i più antichi autori individuati si ricorda il Pittore delle rose da cui discendono tre gruppi che operano alla fine IV secolo a.C. Il caposcuola del primo gruppo è il Pittore di Lecce 1075 e alla sua bottega appartiene il Pittore della bottiglia del Louvre a cui si deve l'introduzione della baccellatura verticale. Il secondo gruppo è chiamato Gruppo di Dunedin e il terzo comprende il Gruppo del ramoscello di alloro e il Gruppo di Knudsen.[3] Ne fa parte anche il Pittore di Lipari.

Note

  1. ^ a b c d Cook 1997, pp. 191-192.
  2. ^ a b Drago 1960, in EAA, s.v. Gnathia.
  3. ^ Trendall 1994, in EAA, s.v. Apuli, vasi.

Bibliografia

  • C. Drago, Gnathia, in Enciclopedia dell'arte antica classica e orientale, vol. 3, Roma, Istituto della enciclopedia italiana, 1960.
  • Arthur Dale Trendall, Apuli, vasi, in Enciclopedia dell'arte antica classica e orientale: Secondo supplemento, vol. 1, Roma, Istituto della enciclopedia italiana, 1994.
  • (EN) Robert Manuel Cook, Greek Painted Pottery, London-New York, Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0-415-13860-4.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 43734
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