Carne macinata

La carne macinata o carne tritata (comunemente detta anche "macinato", in alcune zone d'Italia anche "carne trita") è carne sminuzzata in maniera più o meno fine. Le normative comunitarie definiscono "carni macinate" le carni disossate che sono state sottoposte a un'operazione di macinazione in frammenti e contengono meno dell'1% di sale, e le preparazioni di cibi a base di carne come prosciutto, salame, pollo, hamburger, polpette e altri prodotti di macelleria ^[1].

Preparazione

In passato la carne veniva tritata con il coltello o con la mezzaluna, in tempi moderni la macinazione avviene tramite un attrezzo chiamato tritacarne. Lo sminuzzamento delle fibre della carne fa sì che la carne macinata cuocia molto più rapidamente della carne intera. In alcune preparazioni viene anche consumata a crudo.

La carne macinata viene ottenuta soprattutto da carne di manzo, vitello, maiale ma anche selvaggina; più rare le carni macinate di agnello e pollame.

Aspetti sanitari e normativa

La carne macinata cruda, a causa della maggiore superficie esposta e delle membrane cellulari danneggiate è un alimento delicatissimo ad alto rischio di contaminazione, le fasi di lavorazione e preparazione sono soggette a normative e anche nell'uso e nella conservazione casalinga è opportuno attenersi a quanto previsto dai protocolli HACCP.

Tra i batteri che possono proliferare nella carne macinata e possono provocare patologie in seguito al consumo vi sono l'Escherichia coli, la salmonella e la listeria.

Per impedire la proliferazione batterica e prolungare la conservazione sono state fatte sperimentazioni a livello industriale che prevedono l'aggiunta di Lactobacillales^[2]. Controversa è invece l'efficacia del metodo produttivo sviluppato negli USA (il cosiddetto pink slime) che prevede l'aggiunta alla carne trita di ammoniaca alimentare per eliminare i batteri^[3].

L'etichettatura delle carni macinate in Europa è regolamentata dalla normativa^[4] che prevede delle definizioni e dei parametri precisi.

Preparazioni

Nella cucina italiana la carne macinata è usata in diverse preparazioni: polpette e polpettoni, crocchette di carne, sughi come il ragù. In alcune ricette, come ad esempio la tartare, viene consumata cruda. Viene inoltre usata per preparare gli hamburger e il ripieno di vari alimenti, come ad esempio ortaggi quali peperoni o zucchine.

Note

^ Reg. CE N. 853/200 - norme specifiche in materia di igiene per gli alimenti di origine animale, su eur-lex.europa.eu. URL consultato il 23 ottobre 2017.
^ Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy, University of Minnesota: Antibacterial bacteria may be used in ground beef Archiviato il 12 maggio 2009 in Internet Archive. (engl., Antibakterielle Bakterien könnten in Hackfleisch verwendet werden) 27. April 2006.
^ (EN) Safety of Beef Processing Method Is Questioned, 31 dicembre 2009.
^ REGOLAMENTO (UE) N. 1169/2011, su eur-lex.europa.eu. URL consultato il 23 ottobre 2017.

Voci correlate

Carne cruda

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file sulla carne macinata

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