Cantone dei cavalieri di Gebürg

Stemma del cantone dei cavalieri di Gebürg nel Codex diplomaticus equestris cum continuatione del 1721

Il cantone dei cavalieri di Gebürg (tedesco: Ritterkanton Gebürg) fu un circolo di cavalieri del Sacro Romano Impero appartenente al Circolo dei cavalieri della Franconia.

Confini

L'area di giurisdizione del cantone dei cavalieri di Gebürg comprendeva l'area della foresta della Franconia, il Vogtland ed il Fichtelgebirge. A nord, esso si estendeva da Lichtenfels a tutte le tenute cavalleresche a nord del fiume Meno; a ovest ed a sud, i fiumi Regnitz e Pegnitz costituivano la linea di demarcazione tra i cantoni della Steigerwald e dell'Altmühl.

Storia

Il cantone dei cavalieri di Gebürg venne creato a partire dal XVI secolo in Germania, in Franconia. Esso aveva sede nella città di Bamberga dove si trovava la Ritterhaus a Kunreuth dove si trovava la cancellaria. Era suddiviso nei quartieri di Fichtelberg, Forchheim, Hollfeld, Rodach.

Già nel XV secolo, ad ogni modo, è documentata la presenza di un'associazione di cavalieri locali per l'area di Würzburg, uniti insieme contro i tentativi di territorializzazione operati dai vescovi di Würzburg.

A partire dal XVI secolo, vennero aggiunte alle famiglie già presenti anche quelle del Vogtland, le quali ad ogni modo dal 1615 decisero volontariamente di sottomettersi all'autorità del margravio di Brandeburgo-Kulmbach; questi per tutta risposta garantì alle famiglie del Vogtland un riconoscimento costituzionale ed alcuni privilegi, nel tentativo di unificare il proprio territorio anche con la collaborazione della nobiltà locale, a scapito delle istituzioni del Sacro Romano Impero. Nel 1663 altre famiglie attorno all'area di Bayreuth decisero di prendere la medesima decisione di quelle del Vogtland ed abbandonarono il cantone di Gebürg, indebolendolo ulteriormente.

Dopo aver preso il controllo del principato vescovile di Bamberga alla fine di novembre 1802, le truppe della regione del Palatinato occuparono l'area del principato di Bayreuth come risposta alle aggressioni prussiane. Nel tentativo di indebolire l'avversario e nel contempo di fortificare le proprie posizioni territoriali, il duca Massimiliano IV Giuseppe espropriò molte terre ai cavalieri locali.

Il circolo venne chiuso col crollo del Sacro Romano Impero, la mediatizzazione degli stati principeschi e la soppressione infine dei circoli cavallereschi il 16 agosto 1806.

Cavalieri imperiali del cantone di Gebürg

Bibliografia

  • Johann Gottfried Biedermann: Geschlechts-Register Der Reichs-Frey unmittelbaren Ritterschaft Landes zu Francken, Löblichen Orts Gebürg. Bamberg 1747. ( Digitalisat.) und vollständiges Digitalisat bei MDZ
  • Johann Gottfried Biedermann: Geschlechts-Register der loeblichen Ritterschafft im Voigtlande, Neustadt an der Aisch 2000 (unveränderter Nachdruck der Ausgabe von 1752)
  • Richard Winkler: Markgraf contra Reichsritterschaft. Reichsadelige Herrschaften im Raum Bayreuth. In: Heimatbeilage zum Oberfränkischen Schulanzeiger. Nr. 267. Bayreuth 2000.
  • Cord Ulrichs: Vom Lehnshof zur Reichsritterschaft – Strukturen des fränkischen Niederadels am Übergang vom späten Mittelalter zur frühen Neuzeit (Liste des Kantons Gebürg von 1529, StAM GHA II. Nr. 211 a.E.). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-515-07109-1, Google Book p. 213.

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