Camera dei rappresentanti (Australia)

Camera dei Rappresentanti Australiana
(EN) Australian House of Representatives
StatoAustralia (bandiera) Australia
TipoCamera bassa del Parlamento australiano
Istituito1900
Operativo dal1901
Speaker della CameraMilton Dick (ALP)
(dal 26 luglio 2022)
Ultima elezione21 maggio 2022
Prossima elezione2025
Numero di membri151
Gruppi politiciMaggioranza (77)
  •      ALP (77)

Opposizione (58)
Coalizione (58)

Partiti Minori e Indipendenti (Trasversali - Crossbenchers) (16)

SedePalazzo del Parlamento, Canberra
Sito webwww.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives

La Camera dei rappresentanti è la camera bassa del Parlamento australiano. La camera alta è invece il Senato.

È costituita da 151 membri ed è presieduta da uno Speaker.

Origine e ruolo

L'Atto di Costituzione del Commonwealth di Australia (1900) istituì la Camera dei rappresentanti all'interno del sistema di governo del Paese, prendendo il nome dalla Camera dei rappresentanti degli Stati Uniti d'America. La Costituzione australiana, poi, prevede che ognuno degli Stati originari debba avere almeno cinque seggi. Successivamente, è stato stabilito che anche il Territorio della capitale australiana e il Territorio del Nord abbiano almeno un seggio ciascuno.

Secondo la Costituzione, i poteri delle due camere sono quasi uguali, essendo necessaria l'approvazione di entrambe le Camere per l'entrata in vigore di una legge. Le uniche differenze si registrano riguardo alle leggi di bilancio e di tassazione che sono competenza esclusiva della Camera bassa. Nella prassi, per convenzione, il Governatore generale affida l'incarico di formare il Governo al leader del partito, o della coalizione di partiti, che ha la maggioranza nella Camera dei rappresentanti, anche se poi i Ministri provengono sia dalla Camera dei rappresentanti sia dal Senato.

Il ruolo principale svolto dai partiti di opposizione nella Camera dei rappresentanti è quello di presentare argomenti contro le politiche e le leggi del Governo e cercare di spingere il Governo ad essere responsabile presentando interrogazioni e intervenendo nei dibattiti che precedono le votazioni dei disegni di legge.

Composizione della Camera dei rappresentanti

In seguito alle elezioni del 2022, sono rappresentati sei partiti: il Partito Laburista Australiano che ha 77 seggi, il Partito Liberale d'Australia con 43 seggi (di cui 16 del Partito Nazionale Liberale del Queensland) ed il Partito Nazionale d'Australia con 15 (di cui 5 del Partito Nazionale Liberale del Queensland), uniti in coalizione (58 seggi totali), i Verdi Australiani con 4 seggi e il Partito Australiano di Katter e l’Alleanza di Centro con un seggio ciascuno. Vi sono poi 10 Indipendenti.

Seggi vinti
Elezione ALP LIB NAT Altri Totale
1946 43 15 11 5 74
1949 47 55 19   121
1951 52 52 17   121
1954 57 47 17   121
1955 47 57 18   122
1958 45 58 19   122
1961 60 45 17   122
1963 50 52 20   122
1966 41 61 21   124
1969 59 46 20   125
1972 67 38 20   125
1974 66 40 21   127
1975 36 68 23   127
1977 38 67 19   124
1980 51 54 20   125
1983 75 33 17   125
1984 82 45 21   148
1987 86 43 19   148
1990 78 55 14 1 148
1993 80 49 16 2 147
1996 49 75 19 5 148
1998 67 64 16 1 148
2001 65 69 13 3 150
2004 60 75 12 3 150
2007 83 55 10 2 150
2010 72 61 12 5 150
2013 55 81 9 5 150
2016 69 66 10 5 150
2019 68 67 10 6 151
2022 77 27 10 37 151

Note

  1. ^ Compresi 16 parlamentari del Partito Nazionale Liberale del Queensland (LNP) che siedono insieme agli altri membri del Partito Liberale.
  2. ^ Compresi 5 parlamentari del Partito Nazionale Liberale del Queensland (LNP) che siedono insieme agli altri membri del Partito Nazionale.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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