Bön

Porta di un edificio tibetano riportante simboli della religione Bön

Bön (tibetano: བོན་) è un'antica religione del Tibet e del Nepal[1], diffusa anche in alcune aree dell'India, del Bhutan e nelle province cinesi del Sichuan, del Gansu e dello Yunnan.

Viene solitamente definita come religione legata allo sciamanesimo e all'animismo. Il suo fondatore è considerato Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche, proveniente secondo la tradizione dalla "terra di Olmo Lungring", probabilmente nell'attuale Iran.

Il Bön distingue tre fasi del proprio sviluppo: una orale, di "bon manifesto", in cui sarebbe stata prevalente la prassi dell'estasi oracolare e dei sacrifici, forse anche umani.

Nella fase successiva, di "bon differente" si officiavano soprattutto culti funerari regali.

Infine i testi sacri del bon riconoscono una terza fase di "bon trasformato", in cui si ammette l'influsso del pensiero buddhista e di quello induista. Quest'ultima è l'unica fase storicamente accertabile del bon nella forma attuale e risale all'epoca dell'introduzione del buddhismo in Tibet (VII-VIII sec.).

Il Bön ha raggiunto la sua massima diffusione nell'area himalayana e subhimalaiana nel VII secolo dopo Cristo.

Dopo la diffusione del buddhismo in Asia, si è mescolato con quest'ultimo e oggi sopravvive in una serie di rituali e di usanze considerate compatibili con il buddhismo stesso, come ad esempio la pratica del kora.

In Tibet esistono diversi monasteri bön, il maggiore dei quali è il monastero di Menri, fondato nel 1405 da Nyammey Sherab.

Note

  1. ^ Tapriza School, su friendsofdolpa.org, Friends of Dolpa. URL consultato il 27 gennaio 2014 (archiviato dall'url originale il 24 ottobre 2013).

Bibliografia

  • Martino Nicoletti, Nomadi dell'invisibile. L'autosacrificio rituale del chöd nel Bön tibetano, Roma, Exòrma, 2011 (libro con dvd), ISBN 978-88-95688-40-4.

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Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 64153 · LCCN (EN) sh85015578 · GND (DE) 4146277-4 · BNF (FR) cb12072944g (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007283238905171 · NDL (EN, JA) 00560854
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