Bhanja virus

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Bhanja virus
Immagine di Bhanja virus mancante
Classificazione scientifica
DominioRiboviria
RegnoOrthornavirae
PhylumNegarnaviricota
SubphylumPolyploviricotina
ClasseEllioviricetes
OrdineBunyavirales
FamigliaPhenuiviridae
GenerePhlebovirus
SpecieBhanja virus
Specie
Vedi testo

Il virus Bhanja è un flebovirus della famiglia Phenuiviridae nell'ordine Bunyavirales, trasmesso da zecche; trovato per la prima volta in una zecca (Haemaphysalis intermedia) prelevata da una capra paralizzata a Bhanjanagar, in India, nel 1954.[1] Il virus Bhanja nell'uomo è stato documentato per la prima volta nel 1974 quando Charles Calisher si infettò da solo mentre stava lavorando con questo virus in un laboratorio.[2] La sua infezione con il virus è stata lieve e includeva sintomi come un lieve dolore ai muscoli e alle articolazioni, mal di testa moderato e leggera fotofobia.

Il virus Bhanja è un membro del sierocomplesso del virus Bhanja.[3]

Trasmissione

Il virus Bhanja trasmesso dalle zecche è stato anche isolato soprattutto nelle zecche dei generi Dermacentor e Haemaphysalis, sebbene possa essere trasmesso da qualsiasi zecca Ixodidae. Il virus Bhanja non è noto per una trasmissione inter-umana.[1]

Ospite

Il virus Bhanja è stato trovato negli animali vertebrati, più comunemente in pecore, capre, bovini, ricci africani (Atelerix albiventris) e scoiattoli di terra africani (Xerus erythropus). È noto essere patogeno nei piccoli animali e nei bambini e può anche infettare gli umani adulti.[4]

Sintomi

Il virus Bhanja produce malattie febbrili nell'uomo con sintomi tra cui fotofobia, vomito, meningoencefalite e paralisi lieve o transitoria.[1]

Trattamento

Il trattamento dipende dalla gravità dei sintomi; il trattamento consiste principalmente nel ridurre segni e sintomi; per il quale è suggerito l'antipiretico paracetamolo.[2]

Prevenzione

La prevenzione è comune a quella di qualsiasi puntura di zecca, evitare fogliame eccessivo e aree cespugliose. Se entri in contatto con queste aree, indossa maniche lunghe e pantaloni per coprire quanta più pelle possibile. Prestare particolare attenzione nelle aree utilizzate per pascolare o nutrire capre o pecore.[5]

Posizione

Il virus Bhanja è stato isolato in Europa, tra cui: Italia, Croazia, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovacchia orientale, in Asia, tra cui: India, Kirghizia, Kazakistan, Azerbaigian, Armenia e in Africa, tra cui Senegal, Guinea, Nigeria, Camerun, Centro Africa, Kenya, Somalia.

Esiste la possibilità che gli uccelli migratori abbiano un ruolo nella diffusione del virus trasportando zecche infette su di loro in nuove regioni.[6]

Note

  1. ^ a b c Zdenek Hubálek, “Biogeography of Tick-Borne Bhanja Virus (Bunyaviridae) in Europe,” Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, vol. 2009, Article ID 372691, 11 pages, 2009. DOI: 10.1155/2009/372691
  2. ^ a b Goodpasture, Hewitt C., and Charles H. Calisher. "Human Infection with Bhanja Virus." Human Infection with Bhanja Virus. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, n.d. Web. 24 July 2014.
  3. ^ (EN) International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/205/bunyaviridae.
    «List of other related viruses which may be members of the family Bunyaviridae but have not been approved as species»
  4. ^ Mehlhorn, Heinz, ed. Arthropods as Vectors of Emerging Disease. N.p.: Springer, n.d. (Viral Disease Link). Heinrich Hein University. Web. 24 July 2014.
  5. ^ "N. Bhanja Virus." Regional Disease Vector Ecology Profile: Central Europe. Washington, D.C.: DIANE, 2001. N. pag. Web.
  6. ^ Copia archiviata, su wildpro.twycrosszoo.org. URL consultato il 23 luglio 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 19 giugno 2017).

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