Battaglia di Oltu

Battaglie di Oltu
parte della Guerra turco-armena
Data25 giugno - 5 settembre 1920
LuogoOltu (oggi in Turchia)
EsitoVittoria turca
Schieramenti
Comandanti
Hovsepian
Mazmanian
Shahbudaghian
Nesterovskii		Kâzım Karabekir
Halit Karsıalan
Ali Riza Bey
Voci di battaglie presenti su Wikipedia
Manuale

Le battaglie di Oltu furono in realtà due battaglie tra le truppe armene e le milizie turche. La prima battaglia avvenne dal 18 giugno al 25 giugno 1920 nel distretto di Oltu, nell'odierna Turchia.[1] La seconda avvenne quando le truppe turche scacciarono le truppe armene dal distretto di Oltu il 3-5 settembre 1920.

Sfondo

La prima guerra mondiale era terminata con l'Impero ottomano sconfitto. L'Impero russo si era disintegrato durante la guerra civile russa con la formazione di governi separati in Georgia e Armenia. Il trattato di Sèvres che stabiliva i nuovi confini per l'Impero ottomano non era ancora stato firmato. Il distretto di Oltu, noto allora come Ardahan-Olty,[2] fu annesso dalla Russia nel 1878 e la Georgia ne assunse l'autorità de jure quando rivendicò l'indipendenza il 26 maggio 1918. Anche la Prima Repubblica di Armenia assunse de jure l'autorità su questa regione il 28 maggio 1918.

Prima battaglia

Il conflitto sorse quando la Repubblica Democratica della Georgia non riuscì a mantenere il controllo sulla sua provincia più occidentale, il distretto di Oltu, e i signori locali musulmani[3] assunsero il controllo al suo posto. Le tribù turche locali si scontrarono con le truppe di confine armene e di conseguenza il comandante armeno locale avviò una spedizione punitiva nel distretto di Oltu. Il 16 giugno 1920 le forze armene invasero il distretto di Oltu e lo annessero alla Prima Repubblica di Armenia. Nel frattempo, venne firmato il trattato di Sèvres che confermava la validità dello Stato armeno, ma conferendo all'Armenia molti territori in meno di quanto originariamente proposti da Woodrow Wilson.

Seconda battaglia

Ad agosto, il governo armeno tentò di occupare il distretto di Oltu. In risposta, il 3 settembre il generale Kâzım Karabekir guidò quattro battaglioni turchi nel distretto scacciando gli armeni. Karabekir si spinse in seguito nello Stato armena il 20 settembre[3] spingendo il governo armeno a dichiarare guerra alla Turchia quattro giorni dopo.[4] Da tale evento seguì così la guerra turco-armena.

Note

  1. ^ Hewsen, Robert H. and Salvatico, Christopher C. (2001) Armenia: A Historical Atlas University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 237. ISBN 0-226-33228-4
  2. ^ The New York Times Current History: A Monthly Magazine: The European War Vol XIX, 1919, p., su books.google.com. URL consultato il 26 maggio 2021 (archiviato il 26 maggio 2021).
  3. ^ a b Andersen, Andrew (2004) "Turkish-Armenian War Sept.-Nov. 1920", su conflicts.rem33.com. URL consultato il 26 maggio 2021 (archiviato il 31 ottobre 2017).
  4. ^ (RU) Turkish-Armenian War of 1920 Archiviato il 12 marzo 2007 in Internet Archive.
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