Basamento cristallino

In geologia, i termini basamento e basamento cristallino sono usati per definire le rocce sottostanti una piattaforma sedimentaria di copertura.
Più in generale si riferiscono a qualsiasi roccia originariamente metamorfica o magmatica, posta al di sotto di rocce sedimentarie o bacini sedimentari.

In modo analogo i sedimenti e/o le rocce sedimentarie al di sopra del basamento possono essere chiamate "copertura" o "copertura sedimentaria".

Uso del termine

Nell'ambito della geologia Europea, il termine fa generalmente riferimento a rocce più antiche dell'orogenesi Varisica. Sopra questo basamento più antico sono state depositate evaporiti permiane e calcari mesozoici. Le evaporiti sono sede di scollamenti sui quali la "copertura" rigida e più tenace dei calcari è capace di muoversi rispetto al basamento rigido, accentuando la distinzione tra copertura sedimentaria e basamento stesso.

Nella geologia delle Ande il basamento si riferisce a unità rocciose del Proterozoico, Paleozoico e del primo Mesozoico (Triassico e Giurassico), dal momento che le sequenze andine del tardo Mesozoico e del Cenozoico si svilupparono in seguito ai fenomeni di subduzione lungo il margine occidentale della placca sudamericana.[1]

Nella cintura vulcanica trans-messicana, il basamento include rocce del Proterozoico, Paleozoico e Mesozoico, rispettivamente per i terrane Oxaquia, Mixteco e Guerrero.[2]

Il termine basamento è usato soprattutto in discipline della geologia quali analisi di bacino, sedimentologia e geologia del petrolio in cui il basamento cristallino (tipicamente Precambriano) non è di interesse poiché raramente contiene petrolio o gas naturale.[3]

Note

  1. ^ Teresa Moreno, et al., The geology of Chile, Geological Society of London, 2007, Ch. 2 Metamorphic and Igneous Basement Complexes, p. 5, ISBN 978-1-86239-220-5
  2. ^ A. Gómez-Tuena, Ma.T. Orozco-Esquivel, and L. Ferrari Igneous petrogenesis of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Ch 5, in Susana A. Alaniz-Álvarez and Angel F. Nieto-Samaniego, eds., Geology of México, Geological Society of America Special Paper 422, 2007, p.142 - 145 ISBN 978-0-8137-2422-5
  3. ^ Gay, Parker (2002) Mapping Geologic Structure of Basement and Role of Basement in Hydrocarbon Entrapment, Search and Discovery Article #40052, adapted from: AAPG Explorer (November and December, 1999)

Bibliografia

  • Parker, Sybil P. (Ed.). 1997. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Geology and Mineralogy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Bates, Robert L. and Julia A. Jackson (Eds.) 1994. Dictionary of Geological Terms. American Geological Institute. New york: Anchor Books, Doubleday Dell Publishing.
  • Ben A. Van Der Pluijm (Editor), 1996, Basement and Basins of Eastern North America, Special Paper Geological Society of America, ISBN 978-0-8137-2308-2.

Voci correlate

Controllo di autoritàLCCN (EN) sh85121404 · GND (DE) 4132709-3 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007536429305171
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