Bacillus (batteri)

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Bacillus
Bacillus subtilis
Classificazione scientifica
DominioProkaryota
RegnoBacteria
PhylumFirmicutes
ClasseBacilli
OrdineBacillales
FamigliaBacillaceae
GenereBacillus
Cohn, 1872[1]
Specie
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Bacillus Cohn, 1872[1] è un genere di batteri Gram-positivi a forma di bastoncino appartenente al phylum Firmicutes (basso contenuto di CG).

Descrizione

Le specie di Bacilli sono aerobi obbligati, e risultano positivi al test per l'enzima catalasi.[2] Presente ovunque in natura, il Bacillo include specie patogene e non. In condizioni ambientali stressanti, le cellule producono endospore ovali che possono restare dormienti per periodi prolungati. Queste caratteristiche definiscono in modo originale la classe, ma non tutte le specie sono strettamente imparentate, e molte sono state spostate ad altri generi.[3]

Due specie di bacillo sono considerati medicalmente significativi:

Una terza specie, il B. thuringiensis, è un importante agente patogeno degli insetti ed è talvolta adoperato per controllare gli insetti nocivi. La specie principale è il B. subtilis, un importante modello di organismo. È anche un notevole deterioratore di cibo, così come il B. coagulans. Il B. clausii è invece utilizzato come probiotico.

Rilevamento del bacillo

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Un semplice modo per isolare il bacillo è mettere della terra non sterile in una provetta con acqua, agitare, mettere in Agar sale mannitolo mescolato e incubare a temperatura ambiente per almeno un giorno. Le colonie sono solitamente grandi, di forma irregolare e diffusa. Sotto il microscopio il Bacillus appare come un bastoncino ed una parte sostanziale contiene di solito un'endospora ovale ad una estremità, rendendolo gonfio.

Tassonomia

Si riporta di seguito la lista delle specie assegnate al genere Bacillus:

Note

  1. ^ a b (DE) F. Cohn, Untersuchungen über Bakterien. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen, Heft 2, 1872, 1, 127-224.
  2. ^ Turnbull PCB, Bacillus. In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch, 1996, (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
  3. ^ Madigan M; Martinko J (editors)., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11th ed., Prentice Hall, 2005, ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
  4. ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors), Sherris Medical Microbiology, 4th ed., McGraw Hill, 2004, ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàLCCN (EN) sh85010778 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007284654205171
  Portale Biologia

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