Atherinidae

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Atherinidae
Atherina boyeri
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClasseActinopterygii
OrdineAtheriniformes
SottordineAtherinoidei
FamigliaAtherinidae
Atherinomorus lacunosus
Atherina hepsetus

Gli Atherinidae sono una famiglia di pesci ossei appartenenti all'ordine Atheriniformes.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questi pesci sono distribuiti in tutti i mari e gli oceani del mondo eccettuati quelli polari.

Nel mar Mediterraneo sono presenti 4 specie:

Nei mari italiani sono presenti solo le prime due, Atherinomorus lacunosus (sinonimo A. forskali[1]) è una specie lessepsiana[2].

La maggior parte degli Atherinidae vive in acque marine costiere anche se circa 50 specie sono dulcacquicole e molte altre sono più o meno fortemente eurialine e possono vivere in tutti e due gli ambienti (ad esempio il comune lattarino Atherina boyeri).

Descrizione

In genere la taglia di questi pesciolini è minuta e misura meno di 10 cm sebbene qualche specie possa raggiungere i 25 cm. Hanno corpo slanciato con bocca terminale. Sono presenti due pinne dorsali separate da un ampio spazio, la prima è composta di raggi spinosi ma morbidi, la seconda ha un solo raggio spinoso seguito da raggi molli, stessa struttura della seconda dorsale ha la pinna anale. Le pinne pettorali sono inserite in alto, le pinne ventrali sono in posizione addominale. La pinna caudale è biloba. La linea laterale è assente. Le scaglie sono relativamente grandi. Lungo i fianchi è di solito presente una larga fascia argentea sotto la quale spesso corre una linea scura più stretta.

Biologia

Sono gregari e spesso formano banchi imponenti. Costituiscono un importantissimo tassello della catena trofica in numerosi ecosistemi costieri, lagunari o lacustri.

Alimentazione

Hanno alimentazione planctofaga.

Pesca

A dispetto delle loro dimensioni minute molte specie hanno una notevole importanza per la pesca professionale.

Tassonomia

Atherion è stato spostato negli anni 2020 alla famiglia monotipica Atherionidae.

Note

  1. ^ Atherinomorus lacunosus, Hardyhead silverside : fisheries, bait
  2. ^ Atherinomorus forskali
  3. ^ W. Ivantsoff, G. R. Allen, A new species and genus of a large and unusual freshwater hardyhead, Sashatherina giganteus (Pisces: Atherinidae) from West Papua, Indonesia and a comparison with its closest relatives of the genus Craterocephalus, in aqua International Journal of Ichthyology, vol. 17, n. 1, 2011, pp. 43–57.

Bibliografia

  • Tortonese E. Osteichthyes, Calderini, 1975
  • Costa F. Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani, Mursia, 1991 ISBN 8842510033

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Pesci: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di pesci

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