Aerodina

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L'aerodina (pron. aerodìna) è un aeromobile più pesante dell'aria, la cui sostentazione è ottenuta mediante un'azione aerodinamica sulle superfici del mezzo.

Le aerodine rappresentano una delle due grandi classi in cui vengono classificati gli aeromobili (l'altra è rappresentata dagli aerostati, anche detti mezzi più leggeri dell'aria) e si caratterizzano per la presenza di un "organo sostentante" capace di muovere o deviare una certa massa d'aria verso il basso in maniera da sostentare il volo. Questo organo sostentante può essere un'ala, nel caso dei velivoli o una pala in un elicottero, ma anche, tipicamente, un ugello, nei razzi.

In base al tipo di organo sostentante, le aerodine possono dunque dividersi in tre diverse classi: aerodine a sostentazione aerodinamica, aerodine a sostentazione per reazione diretta, e aerodine a sostentazione mista.

Aerodine a sostentazione aerodinamica

L'organo sostentante (ad esempio un'ala) viene a essere investito da una certa massa d'aria in virtù del proprio moto relativo ed è in grado di deviare questa massa verso il basso così da generare una forza (detta in questo caso portanza) verso l'alto. Tra questi:

Aerodine a sostentazione per reazione diretta

In questo caso la sostentazione viene assicurata da sistemi meccanici (detti tecnicamente gettosostentatori) capaci di accelerare grandi masse d'aria o gas (ad esempio un ugello collegato a un motore a razzo). Questo tipo di sostentazione non richiede dunque che vi sia necessariamente un moto relativo dell'aria rispetto al mezzo. Rientrano in questa classe:

Aerodine a sostentazione mista

Impiegano entrambe le metodologie precedenti di sostentazione. Tra questi (sebbene spesso inseriti anche nella categoria dei velivoli) gli aeromobili VTOL del tipo a spinta vettoriale o, per estensione, gli STOL.

Bibliografia

  • Valentino Losito, Fondamenti di Aeronautica Generale, Editore Accademia Aeronautica Pozzuoli, Napoli.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Aerodina, in Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
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