Accordo di Nkomati

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Accordo di Nkomati
Tipotrattato bilaterale
Contestoguerra fredda
Firma16 marzo 1984
LuogoKomatipoort, Mozambico
FirmatariSudafrica (bandiera) Pieter Willem Botha per il Sudafrica

Mozambico (bandiera) Samora Machel per il Mozambico

Lingueinglese e portoghese
voci di trattati presenti su Wikipedia

L'Accordo di Nkomati è stato un patto di non aggressione stipulato il 16 marzo 1984[1] fra il governo del Mozambico e il governo del Sudafrica nella città sudafricana di Komatipoort. I firmatari furono l'allora presidente della Repubblica di Mozambico Samora Machel e l'allora capo del regime basato sull'apartheid in Sudafrica Pieter Willem Botha.

Descrizione

L'obiettivo dichiarato del trattato era quello di impedire al Mozambico di sostenere l'African National Congress per intraprendere azioni violente in Sud Africa, e per il Sud Africa di smettere di fornire il movimento RENAMO in Mozambico.

Il trattato è stato accolto con disapprovazione da parte dei membri della SADCC e in particolare dell'ANC, che erano consapevoli degli impatti che avrebbe avuto sulla loro lotta di liberazione. Nonostante ciò, entrambi i gruppi hanno riconosciuto che il Mozambico era stato essenzialmente costretto a firmare il trattato poiché il paese era sull'orlo della distruzione a causa del conflitto con i ribelli RENAMO sostenuti dal Sud Africa.[2]

Il Mozambico rispettò la sua parte di Trattato espellendo i membri dell'ANC dal sud del paese, nel frattempo i sudafricani ignorarono l'accordo e continuarono ad intensificare il loro già ampio sostegno a RENAMO.[3] Documenti catturati dalla base principale di Gorongosa nel 1985 hanno rivelato che i sudafricani avevano continuato a sostenere i ribelli in violazione dell'accordo.[2] [4] [5] Con gli Accordi generali di pace di Roma venne stipulato un accordo di pace permanente il quale pose fine alla guerra civile in Mozambico nel 1992 e venne supervisionato dalla forza ONUMOZ delle Nazioni Unite fino al 1994.

Note

  1. ^ Agreement on Non-Aggression and Good Neighbourliness between Mozambique and South Africa (Nkomati Talks), su peacemaker.un.org, United Nations.
  2. ^ a b Joseph Hanlon, "Mozambique: Who Calls the Shots?", James Currey Publishers, 1991
  3. ^ Y. G-M. Lulat, "United States Relations with South Africa: A Critical Overview from the Colonial Period to the Present", Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 2008
  4. ^ Joseph Hanlon, "Beggar Your Neighbours: Apartheid Power in Southern Africa, 1986
  5. ^ Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan, "War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa", David Phillip, 1989

Bibliografia

  • Ibrahim S. R. Msabaha, Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa: Regional Directions after the Nkomati Accord, a cura di Shaw, Timothy M, Boulder, Westview Press, 1987.
  • Text of the Nkomati Accord and analysis of the peace process, su c-r.org. URL consultato il 12 maggio 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 luglio 2010).

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Africa

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