Ḥusayn Kāmil

Ḥusayn Kāmil
Sultano d'Egitto
Stemma
Stemma
In carica19 dicembre 1914 –
9 ottobre 1917
PredecessoreʿAbbās Ḥilmī II
(Come Chedivè d'Egitto)
SuccessoreFu'ad I
NascitaIl Cairo, 21 novembre 1853
Morte9 ottobre 1917 (63 anni)
PadreIsma'il Pascià
ConsorteAyn-al-Hayat Rifaat
Melek Tourhan
FigliPrincipe Hussein Kamal al-Din Pascià
Principe Saif ud-din Bey
Principe Ahmad Nazim Bey
Principe Yusuf Kamil Bey
Principessa Kazima Hanim
Principessa Kadria
Principessa Samiha
Principessa Badiha
ReligioneIslam

Sulṭān Ḥusayn Kāmil, in arabo السلطان حسين كامل‎?, al-Sulṭān Ḥusayn Kāmil, o, più estesamente, Ḥusayn Kāmil b. Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad ʿAlī Pascià (Il Cairo, 21 novembre 1853 – 9 ottobre 1917), fu sultano d'Egitto e del Sudan dal 19 dicembre 1914 al 9 ottobre 1917, durante l'occupazione britannica che si sviluppò dal 1882 al 1922.

Biografia

Ḥusayn Kāmil fu il secondo figlio del chedivè Ismāʿīl Pascià, che aveva governato l'Egitto e il Sudan dal 1863 al 1879.

Ḥusayn Kāmil - che era stato presidente dell'Assemblea Legislativa nel 1909 - diventò sultano d'Egitto e Sudan nel 1914, dopo la deposizione del nipote, il chedivè ʿAbbās Ḥilmi da parte della Gran Bretagna. Il chedivè al momento dell'accaduto si trovava a Istanbul e la Gran Bretagna ne approfittò per dichiarare che egli aveva «fatto causa comune col nemico di Sua Maestà».[1]

Il rappresentante britannico assunse così le funzioni di Alto Commissario.
L'Egitto fu dichiarato in quell'occasione Protettorato britannico, in concomitanza non casuale con l'inizio della prima guerra mondiale.

Ciò mise fine al controllo nominale dell'Egitto e del Sudan da parte dell'Impero ottomano, che risaliva al primo chedivè Muḥammad ʿAli, ovvero Mehmet Ali.

Il regno di Ḥusayn Kāmil fu del tutto incolore, piegato come il sultano alla volontà di Londra. Quando egli improvvisamente morì nel 1917 e fu inumato nella moschea di al-Rifāʿī al Cairo, si aprì un problema di successione, dal momento che il figlio, Kamāl ad-Dīn, era un uomo di cui non si conoscevano gli orientamenti politici ma della cui pochezza intellettuale si aveva certezza, tanto da farlo giudicare unanimemente inadatto al ruolo che comunque avrebbe dovuto svolgere.

Gli fu allora preferito lo zio, fratello del defunto sovrano, Aḥmad Fuʾād. Egli divenne così il nuovo sultano col nome di Fuʾād I.

Onorificenze[2]

Onorificenze egiziane

Gran Maestro dell'Ordine del Nilo - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria
— 14 aprile 1915

Onorificenze straniere

Note

  1. ^ Bruno Aglietti, L'Egitto dagli avvenimenti del 1882 ai giorni nostri, 2 voll., Roma, Istituto per l'Oriente Carlo Alfonso Nallino, 1965, I, p. 277.
  2. ^ Royal Ark

Bibliografia

  • (IT) Bruno Aglietti, L'Egitto dagli avvenimenti del 1882 ai giorni nostri, 2 voll., Roma, Istituto per l'Oriente Carlo Alfonso Nallino, 1965
  • (EN) P. G. Elgood, The transit of Egypt, Londra, Edward Arnold, 1928
  • (AR) Muḥammad Saʿīd al-Kaylānī, al-Sulṭān Ḥusayn Kāmil, Il Cairo, 1963
  • (EN) Lord Lloyd, Egypt since Cromer, Londra, Macmillan & Co., 1932

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Sultano d'Egitto Successore
ʿAbbās Hilmī II
(Come Chedivè d'Egitto) 		1914-1917 Fuʾād I
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 17095078 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 7694 0112 · LCCN (EN) nr93018468 · GND (DE) 117546712 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007285027105171
  Portale Biografie

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