Émile Meyerson

Émile Meyerson

Émile Meyerson (Lublino, 12 febbraio 1859 – 2 dicembre 1933) è stato un filosofo e chimico francese, di origini russe-ebraiche. Contro il pensiero positivista della fine dell'Ottocento, sviluppò una epistemologia realista fondata sul principio dell'identità.

Vita

Fu educato in Germania dove studiò chimica sotto gli insegnamenti di Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. Nel 1882 si trasferì a Parigi. Nella capitale francese prestò inizialmente servizio come collaboratore straniero dell'"Havas news agency" ed in seguito assunse il ruolo di direttore al "Jewish Colonization Association" per l'Europa e l'Asia Minore.

Venne naturalizzato cittadino francese dopo la prima guerra mondiale. Morì all'età di 74 anni, a causa di una crisi cardiaca.

Pensiero

Il modello di pensiero costruito da Meyerson è stato fondato su una interpretazione metafisica della scienza. Nei suoi lavori, il filosofo francese, si è impegnato ad accostare filosofia e scienza, equiparandole sia per quanto riguarda le loro fondamenta di partenza e di arrivo e sia per gli strumenti di indagine.

Il concetto fondamentale dell'epistemologia di Meyerson è che la ricerca dell'identità dell'essere con sé stesso è conforme alla ragione. Il principio di funzionamento di questa ultima, sia nelle ricerche scientifiche-filosofiche, sia nei procedimenti quotidiani e comuni, è basato sulla continua conversione degli elementi molteplici e mutevoli insiti nell'esperienza, in unità identificate e stabili.[1]

Il processo di identificazione, che è alla base dei principi fondamentali della fisica, quali quelli di inerzia, della relatività e della conservazione dell'energia, secondo Meyerson è di tipo sintetico e non certo analitico, come conferma la matematica.

Quindi scienza e filosofia, forti di queste somiglianze, devono seguire la stessa strada della conoscenza; gli scienziati sviluppano metafisica quando si innalzano nella elaborazione di concetti e modelli generali, i filosofi in quanto debbono seguire i metodi e l'approccio scientifico nei riguardi dell'uomo e del mondo.[1]

Opere principali

  • Identité et réalite (1908) ("Identità e realtà")
  • De l'explication dans les sciences, 2 Vol. (1921) ("Della spiegazione nelle scienze")
  • La déduction relativiste (1925) ("La deduzione relativista")
  • Du cheminement de la pensée, 3 Vols. (1931) ("Il cammino del pensiero")
  • Réel et déterminisme dans la physique quantique (1933) ("Il reale e il determinismo nella fisica quantistica")

Note

  1. ^ a b "Storia della filosofia. La filosofia dei secoli XIX e XX", di Nicola Abbagnano, Utet, Torino, 1993, pag.316-318

Bibliografia

  • C. Manzoni, L'epistemologia di E.Meyerson, Roma, 1971.
  • J. La Lumia, The ways of reasons. A critical study of ideas of E.Meyerson, Londra, 1966.
  • M.A. Denti, Scienza e filosofia in Meyerson, Firenze, 1940.
  • Nicola Abbagnano, La filosofia di Meyerson e la logica dell'identità, Napoli, 1929.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 64009283 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 0908 5213 · SBN BVEV010668 · BAV 495/102866 · Europeana agent/base/145939 · LCCN (EN) n50036624 · GND (DE) 119406039 · BNE (ES) XX1365274 (data) · BNF (FR) cb11915891m (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007265334605171
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